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Announcements. 1. Clinical treatment writing assignment Choose a topic—some child problem (e.g. sleep problem, ADHD, autism, etc.) Research the treatments for that problem. Can use a variety of sources but need to document and cite.

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements 1. Clinical treatment writing assignment • Choose a topic—some child problem (e.g. sleep problem, ADHD, autism, etc.) • Research the treatments for that problem. Can use a variety of sources but need to document and cite. • From the perspective of a parent, choose the treatment that you would prefer if your child had this problem. Justify and explain your choice. • Proofread carefully! Look for typos, grammar errors, consider organization of paper, need intro. paragraph and conclusion. • Cite references using APA style. 2. Parent interview – bring your results to next class

  2. Classification • We have Diagnostic & Statistical Manual (DSM-IV-TR) • Why have such a system? • Communication • Summarize • Identify treatment strategies • Facilitate research • Etiology/prognosis

  3. Potential problems with classification • Stigma • Self-fulfilling prophecy • Overlook important factors • Labeling effects • Focus on weaknesses • Lose information **importance of person-first language

  4. Approaches to classification • Empirical Approach • Clinical Approach Empirical Approach • relies on factor analysis • No initial assumptions about which symptoms go together • No initial assumptions about what diagnostic categories exist

  5. Empirical Approach • Example: our very own Milich et al. (1982) • 90 boys • Trained judges to rate boys on behavioral symptoms (see overhead) • Factor analysis revealed 3 factors • Example: Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist • Rating scale of 100 most commonly reported problems • 8 factors (see overhead) with some variability

  6. General Information on Categorization • Based on Achenbach • Two broad categories • Externalizing – undercontrolled • Internalizing – overcontrolled • Good reliability and validity evidence • Narrow band factors • Often specific to age, gender, and setting • Some debate: e.g. anxiety vs. depression

  7. Strengths of empirical classification • Avoids bias to which clinicians are susceptible • Quantitative approach to decision making • Allows for evaluation of differing perspectives

  8. Limitations of empirical approach • Implementation • Limitations of data going into factor analysis • Does not identify rare disorders

  9. Clinically Derived systems • Relies on experts in the field • Experts use their clinical observations • Some compromise involved • Example: DSM systems • Symptom based

  10. DSM systems • Strengths: • Breadth of coverage • Operational criteria • Includes exclusionary criteria • No attempt to identify etiology • Weaknesses • Fails to recognize interactions with environment • Some poor operational definitions e.g. “often” • Lacks developmental framework • All or nothing approach

  11. DSM-IV • Attempted to integrate empirical and clinical approaches • Used experts but also • Used literature reviews • Field trials

  12. Writing Assignment Briefly describe the next study to be done following Milich et al. (1992). Why would you do this study? Describe the design of the study. What would this study tell us and why is this important?

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