Argentina

1. Argentina Charlie Cappelli, Gabe Rosiak, and Alexandra Gordon

2. ARGENTINA 1930’s – 1970’s Post – Independence

3. Political Pattern of rule has been military control suppressing demands of the poor • Coup of 1930 • Modeled government after European fascists • GOU (Grupo de OficialesUnidos) seizes power in 1943 • Nazi affiliation • Nazi network took refuge in Argentina • Last American country to declare war on Germany

4. Political – Juan Perón • Observed Mussolini • Gained popular appeal • October 1945  imprisoned by senior officers for a week • Eva Duarte (Evita) led demonstration of workers • Eva and Juan got married • 1946 Perón elected • Populist party terrorized opposing party • Reelected in 1951 Perón loses populist support • Set up for another military coup • September 1955  exiled to Spain

5. Political – Juan Perón cont. • September 1973  reelected again • Isabel on same ticket as vice president • Dies of heart attack after nine months, Isabel succeeds him • Isabel Perón in power for two years • 1976  another military coup • General Jorge Videla – most oppressive regime • Purges called “disappearances” • Left wing opponents murdered • Abducted and killed by armed men

6. Economic • Perón’s leftist policies • Nationalized banks and railways • Spends state money to speed up industrialization • Perón’s reelection in 1951 • Collapsing economy • Isabel Perón in power for two years • Collapsing economy continues • Inflation at annual rate of 600%

7. Social • Perón’s leftist policies • Social welfare • Eva founds agency distributing benefits to the poor – seen as angel of mercy • Perón’s reelection in 1951 • Increasing repression • Peronistas – promise of a more just society • Justicialismo: social welfare program • Represented views of unrepresented class • Perón’s reelection in 1973 • Disregard of civil liberties • Disappearances • Victims: workers in industrial centers, students, pregnant women and children

8. Disappearances http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqF7d5JnHwo

9. ARGENTINA 1980’s – 2009 Post – Perón

10. Political Moving away from military command to a Republic • 1981  General LeopoldoGaltieri • April 2, 1982  Falkland Wars • Naval battle – Argentine victory • Argentina surrenders when Britain retakes islands • Shows military regime unpopular • October 1983 RaúlAlfonsín won elections • Father of current state of democracy • Peronista candidate: Carlos Menem wins next elections • Convicted Generals freed

11. Political Cont. • December 1990  pattern of military intervention stops • Military coup stopped • Four year terms established, two consecutive terms allowed • Election in 1995  Menem wins another term • Peronistas remain largest single party • Election 1999  Fernando de la Rua • Peronista government is present in modern day • Elections of Nestor Kirchner and Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner

12. Economic • Peronista candidate: Carlos Menem wins next elections • State enterprises privatized • Move toward free market economy • Inflation falls, unemployment rises • June 2008  export tax • August 2008  struggling lower classes cause of economic collapse • Farmers on the pampas

13. Social • October 1983 RaúlAlfonsín won elections • Members of military coup found guilty of human rights abuses • June 2008  struggling lower class against the government • July 2008 Teatro Colón closed because of protests • Opened in 1908, to be reopened 2010 • Argentine landmark