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Templates

Templates. Templates. One of the most powerful features of C++ is templates There are two types of templates: Class templates Function templates. Function Templates. How would you write a program that contains functions to return the largest of three arguments? int num1, num2, num3;

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Templates

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  1. Templates CS250 Introduction to Computer Science II

  2. Templates • One of the most powerful features of C++ is templates • There are two types of templates: • Class templates • Function templates CS250 Introduction to Computer Science II

  3. Function Templates • How would you write a program that contains functions to return the largest of three arguments? int num1, num2, num3; cout << "Enter three integers: "; cin >> num1 >> num2 >> num3; cout << "The largest number is: " << largest( num1, num2, num3 ); double num4, num5, num6; cout << "Enter three doubles: "; cin >> num4 >> num5 >> num6; cout << "The largest number is: " << largest( num4, num5, num6 ); char c1, c2, c3; cout << "Enter three characters: "; cin >> c1 >> c2 >> c3; cout << "The largest character is: " << largest( c1, c2, c3 ); CS250 Introduction to Computer Science II

  4. Function Templates • All three functions that we have written do exactly the same thing • The only differing thing is the data type of the arguments being used • We can use templates that will allow the function to be called with different arguments CS250 Introduction to Computer Science II

  5. Function Templates template< class T > T largest( T var1, T var2, T var3 ) { T temp = var1; if( var2 > temp ) temp = var2; if( var3 > temp ) temp = var3; return temp; } CS250 Introduction to Computer Science II

  6. Your Turn • Write a generic function that searches an array for a specified value. If the value is found, return the index of where it was found; otherwise, return -1 • Write a main function that tests the generic function search for both integers and reals in the same program CS250 Introduction to Computer Science II

  7. Problem • Write a template function swap that will swap the values of two variables • How would you test this template function? • Discuss in detail whether the following code is legal or not. If not, why not. If so, what is actually going on for this to work. string s1 = "ab", s2 = "cd"; swap (s1, s2); cout << s1 << " " << s2 << endl; CS250 Introduction to Computer Science II

  8. Summary • We covered function templates • We covered: • Pages 719 - 723 CS250 Introduction to Computer Science II

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