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Engineering Problem Solving with C Fundamental Concepts

Engineering Problem Solving with C Fundamental Concepts. Chapter 3 Control Structures and Data Files. Algorithm Development. no. yes. Structured Programming. Sequence Selection Repetition. no. yes. Conditional Expressions. Relational Operators. == equality != non equality

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Engineering Problem Solving with C Fundamental Concepts

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  1. Engineering Problem Solving with C Fundamental Concepts Chapter 3 Control Structures and Data Files INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  2. Algorithm Development INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  3. no yes Structured Programming • Sequence • Selection • Repetition no yes INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  4. Conditional Expressions INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  5. Relational Operators • == equality • != non equality • < less than • > greater than • <= less than equal to • >= greater than equal to INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  6. Logical Operators • ! not • & and • || or INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  7. Operator Precedence • < <= > >= • == != • && • || INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  8. Selection Statements INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  9. Selection Statements • if • if else • switch INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  10. If statement • if(Boolean expression) statement; //single statement • if(Boolean expression) { //more than one statement statement1; . statement n; } INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  11. If statement - examples • if (x>0) • k++; • if(x>0) • { • x=sqrt(x); • k++; • { INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  12. if - else statement • if(Boolean expression) statement; else statement; • if(Boolean expression) { statement block } else { statement block } INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  13. nested if-else if(x > y) if(y < z) k++; else m++; else j++; INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  14. Practice! int x=9, y=7, z=2, k=0, m=0, j=0; if(x > y) if(y < z) k++; else m++; else j++; What are the values of j, k and m? INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  15. Switch Statement • switch(expression) • { • case constant: • statement(s); • break; • case constant: • statement(s); • break; • /* default is optional*/ • default: • statement(s); • } INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  16. Switch Statement • Expression must be of type integer or character • The keyword case must be followed by a constant • break statement is required unless you want all subsequent statements to be executed. INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  17. Practice! • Convert the following nested if/else statements to a switch statement: • if (rank==1 ΩΩ rank==2) • printf("Lower division \n"); • else • { • if (rank==3 ΩΩ rank==4) • printf("Upper division \n"); • else •   { •  if (rank==5) • printf("Graduate student \n"); • else • printf("Invalid rank \n"); • } • } INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  18. Loop Structures INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  19. repetition • while statement • do while statement • for statement INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  20. while statement • while(expression) statement; • while(expression) { statement; statement; . } INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  21. do while • do statement; while(expression); • do { statement1; statement2; . } while(expression); • note - the expression is tested after the statement(s) are executed, so statements are executed atleast once. INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  22. for statement • for(initialization; test; increment/decrement) statement; • for(initialization; test; increment/decrement) { statement; statement; . } INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  23. for statement initalize test increment/ decrement true statement(s) statement(s) INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  24. for statement - examples int sum =0; for(int I=1;I<10;I+=2) sum = sum + I; int fact =1; for(int n=5;n>1;n- -) fact = fact * n; INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  25. Practice! Determine the number of times that each of the following for loops are executed. for (k=3; k<=20; k++) { statements; } for (k=3; k<=20; ++k) { statements; } for (count=-2; count<=14; count++) { statements; } INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  26. break statement • break; • terminates loop • execution continues with the first statement following the loop INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  27. continue statement • continue; • forces next iteration of the loop, skipping any remaining statements in the loop INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  28. Data Files INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  29. Data Files Each data file must have a filepointer • file pointer must be defined • FILE *sensor1; • FILE *balloon; • file pointer must be associated with a specific file using the fopen function • sensor1 = fopen(“sensor1.dat”, “r”); • balloon = fopen(“balloon.dat”, “w”); INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  30. I/O Statements • Input file - use fscanf instead of scanf • fscanf(sensor1, “%1f %lf”, &t, &motion); • Output file - use fprint instead of printf • fprintf(balloon, “%f %f %f\n”, time, height, velocity); INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

  31. Reading Data Files • counter controlled loop • for loop • sentinel controlled loop • while loop • end of file controlled loop • while loop INTEC CS160 - Jeanine Ingber

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