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Forces in the Atom– Electrons and the Nucleus

Forces in the Atom– Electrons and the Nucleus. Electrons and their levels. negatively charged particles with a mass of 0.0006 a.m.u. (or just put zero) their exact location around the nucleus is not known only know where they are most likely to be found

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Forces in the Atom– Electrons and the Nucleus

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  1. Forces in the Atom– Electrons and the Nucleus

  2. Electrons and their levels • negatively charged particles with a mass of 0.0006 a.m.u. (or just put zero) • their exact location around the nucleus is not known • only know where they are most likely to be found • this is often called an electron cloud or orbital • many electron clouds or orbitals can make up an electron level

  3. for this class (Physical Science), each level or orbit, can only hold a certain amount of electrons • 1st up to 2 electrons • 2nd up to 8 electrons • 3rd up to 8 electrons (really 18) • 4th up to 8 electrons (really 32) • the properties of elements depends on how many electrons are in a particular atom’s different levels. • valence electrons are the electrons in the very last or outermost energy level

  4. draw a chlorine atom • and a sodium atom

  5. Lewis Dot-Diagrams/Structures • valence electrons are represented as dots around the chemical symbol for the element Na Cl

  6. Forces holding an atom together • electromagnetic • opposite charges (+ and -) attract • same charges (+ and +) (- and -) repel • the strong force • greatest of the four forces • “glues” the protons together • the weak force • important in radioactivity • gravity • weakest of the four forces • for subatomic particles, it is not understood or may not even work at all

  7. http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.htmlhttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/forces/funfor.html

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