Genetics and Inheritance: Key Concepts and Terminology

Meiosis and Mendel

Question 1 - 10 • ________________ are two chromosomes that have the same length and general appearance as well as copies of the same genes, although the two copies may differ.

Answer 1 – 10 • Homologous chromosomes

Question 1 - 20 • _______________ is a form of nuclear division that divides diploid cells into haploid cells

Answer 1 – 20 • Meiosis

Question 1 - 30 • The actual fusion of an egg and a sperm cell is called ________________

Answer 1 – 30 • Fertilization

Question 1 - 40 • During which stage of Meiosis do the homologous pairs get pulled apart?

Answer 1 – 40 • Anaphase I

Question 1 - 50 • During what stage of Meiosis do the sister chromatids get pulled apart?

Answer 1 – 50 • Anaphase II

Question 2 - 10 • ______________ is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms.

Answer 2 – 10 • Genetics

Question 2 - 20 • A line of plants that has self-pollinated for long enough so that line becomes genetically uniform is called ______________

Answer 2 – 20 • Purebred

Question 2 - 30 • The mating of two organisms is called a _______________

Answer 2 – 30 • Cross

Question 2 - 40 • ___________ are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited, such as eye color, leaf shape, and tail length.

Answer 2 – 40 • Traits

Question 2 - 50 • The following components summarize what? • Organisms inherit two copies of each gene, one from each parent • Organisms donate only one copy of each gene in their gametes. Thus, the two copies of each gene segregate, or separate during gamete formation

Answer 2 – 50 • Law of segregration

Question 3 - 10 • ______________ is all of an organism’s genetic material

Answer 3 – 10 • Genome

Question 3 - 20 • The ____________ refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes and the ___________ refers to the physical characteristics, or traits, of an individual organism.

Answer 3 – 20 • Genotype • Phenotype

Question 3 - 30 • A ______________ allele is the allele that is expressed when two different alleles are present. A ______________ allele is only expressed when two copies are present.

Answer 3 – 30 • Dominant • Recessive

Question 3 - 40 • The term ___________ describes two of the same alleles at a specific locus while the term ______________ describes two different alleles at a specific locus

Answer 3 – 40 • Homozygous • Heterozygous

Question 3 - 50 • A(n) ________________ is any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus.

Answer 3 – 50 • Allele

Question 4 - 10 • A _______________ is a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross.

Answer 4 – 10 • Punnett Square

Question 4 - 20 • A __________________ cross examines the inheritance of one specific trait while a ______________ cross examines the inheritance of two different traits.

Answer 4 – 20 • Monohybrid • Dihybrid

Question 4 - 30 • A _______________ is a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype.

Answer 4 – 30 • Testcross

Question 4 - 40 • ___________________ states that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation, or meiosis. The traits appear to be inherited separately

Answer 4 – 40 • The law of independent assortment

Question 4 - 50 • Genes located close together tend to be inherited together, which is called _______________

Answer 4 – 50 • Genetic linkage

Question 5 - 10 • How many chromosomes are in a human gamete?

Answer 5 – 10 • 23

Question 5 - 20 • What happens to sister chromatids in meiosis II?

Answer 5 – 20 • They are divided

Question 5 - 30 • What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous parents?

Answer 5 – 30 • 3:1

Question 5 - 40 • The “father” of genetics was __________

Answer 5 – 40 • Gregor Mendel

Genetics and Inheritance: Key Concepts and Terminology