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Levels of Cellular Organization

6 th Science 2013. Levels of Cellular Organization. Unicellular: One celled organism. They must perform all activities within one cell. NO TISSUES, ORGANS, OR SYSTEMS!!. Unicellular vs. Multicellular.

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Levels of Cellular Organization

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  1. 6th Science • 2013 Levels of Cellular Organization

  2. Unicellular: One celled organism. They must perform all activities within one cell. NO TISSUES, ORGANS, OR SYSTEMS!! Unicellular vs. Multicellular

  3. Multi-cellular – Organisms made of more than one cell. The cells work together to make tissues, organs, and organ systems. Multi-cellular Organisms

  4. Unicellular vs. Multicellular • Similar • Carry on all 7 characteristics of life. • Have the same MAIN cell parts as multi-cellular organisms. Mitochondria, vacuole, ER, nucleus, ribosomes, chloroplast, golgi bodies, etc. Except nucleus in Arachebacteria and Eubacteria • Different • Cells in multi-cellular organisms have a specific job. Unicellular organism must carry on all 7 characteristics of life in one cell. • 2. Multi-cellular organisms have tissues, organs, and organ systems. Unicellular organisms DO NOT.

  5. -Cells work together to form tissues Cardiac cells Muscle tissue Cardiac organ LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION epithelial tissue Bone cells Bone

  6. Tissue- group of similar cells working together Levels of Organization

  7. Tissues work together to form organs LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION

  8. An organ is a structure that contains at least two different types of tissue functioning together for a common purpose Levels of Organization

  9. -Organs work together to form organ systems Arteries & veins Circulatory system heart LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Skeletal system Cartilage & tendons bones

  10. -Organ systems work together to form the whole organism Skeletal system Whole organism LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Circulatory system Muscular system

  11. Levels of Organization Cells that work together to do the same job form tissues Tissues that work together to do the same job form organs Organs that work together to do the same job form systems Systems work together to form the whole multi-cellular organism

  12. Epithelial – SKIN!! • Function – Covers the outside of the body and lines the inside of your body!! • Your skin is the largest organ in your body! 4 Types of Tissues

  13. Connective – ligaments, cartilage, blood, and bone • Function –connects other tissues together; support, protects, nourishes and insulates organs. 4 Types of Tissues Bone Ligaments

  14. Muscular – Smooth and skeletal muscles –Makes up some organs • Function - contracts and relaxes to allow movements 4 Types of Tissues Smooth Skeletal

  15. Nervous – nerves, brain and spinal cord • Function – transmits messages through the body 4 Types of Tissue

  16. Multicellular organisms Have specialized cells to perform specific jobs • The shape of the cell is designed for its job Red blood Nerve cells LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Liver cells Cardiac cells

  17. As you know, all living things are made of cells. We have looked at two types of cells: Typical LEAF Plant Cells NOT – root, stem or flower!!!! Typical SKIN Cells – not nervous, muscle, bone, etc But not all plant cells are rectangular and not all animal cells are circular!!!!!!!!!

  18. The shape of the cell is designed for its job Form Fits Function Nerve Cells Onion skin cells

  19. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Function – Provide gas exchange between blood and environment. In Action Cell – Smooth muscle Tissue – Smooth muscle Organ – Lungs & nose

  20. Smooth MUSCLE TISSUE Notice the Shape: Smooth muscle cells are tube shaped to contract smoothly TO MAKE UP YOUR ORGANS (STOMACH, KIDNEYS, INTESTINES, ETC) These are smooth muscle cells. Why do you think these cells need to be able to contract smoothly?

  21. Digestive System Function – Breakdown and absorb nutrients that are necessary for cellular respiration. VIDEO Cell – smooth muscle cells Tissue – smooth muscle tissue Organs – stomach, liver, gall bladder, small intestines, large intestines

  22. SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE Organs where Smooth Muscle tissue can be found are: Organ Systems where Smooth MuscleTissue is found: Stomach, intestines, blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, other organs. Digestive System Other organ systems directly dependent on Smooth Muscle Tissue: Respiratory, Reproductive

  23. NERVOUS SYSTEM Function – carries messages back and forth between the spinal cord and the brain and every other part of the body. Video ORGAN – Brain & spinal cord TISSUE - NERVOUS CELL: This is a nerve cell called a neuron. Notice the shape. It is shaped like a wire to carry electrical messages to and from the brain.

  24. Nervous cells are shaped like wires to carry electrical impulses. Nervous Cells

  25. NERVOUS TISSUE Organs where nervous tissue can be found are: Spinal cord Neurons Nerves Brain

  26. NERVOUS TISSUE Other organ systems directly dependent on Nervous Tissue: Circulatory System Muscular System

  27. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Function – Circulates blood throughout your body which carries important nutrition and oxygen for your cells. Video Video 2

  28. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • Red Blood Cells have a space or hole in the middle to carry oxygen. Why do organisms need oxygen? Red Blood Cells

  29. Function: Shaped like a blob to engulf foreign objects in the blood. White Blood Why do red and white blood cells look different??

  30. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Function – Circulates blood throughout your body which carries important nutrition and oxygen for your cells. VIDEO CELLS - These are red blood cells called erythrocytes. Notice the shape. It has a divot in the center because it doesn’t have any organelles so it can hold more oxygen. It is also very flexible. Why do you think that would be important?

  31. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM This is a white blood cell called a leucocyte. VIDEO Notice the shape: White blood cells are shaped like blobs to gobble up bacteria like Pac-man. Both these blood cells along with platelets make up BLOOD. Blood is a tissue. Why????? RBC WBC

  32. Circulatory System Cell & TISSUE: Cardiac Muscle, RBC & WBC These are cardiac muscle cells in cardiac muscle tissue. Notice the shape. Banded for strength and quickness so your heart can pump the blood through your body. Why do you think these cells need to be strong and able to contract quickly?

  33. CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE Organs where Cardiac tissue can be found are: Organ Systems where Cardiac Tissue is found: Heart ONLY Circulatory System

  34. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Organ Systems where BLOOD Tissue is found: The Circulatory System is responsible for delivering oxygen and food to all the cells in the body. Circulatory System Other organ systems directly dependent on Blood Tissue: ALL OTHER SYSTEMS

  35. CONNECTIVE TISSUE TISSUE – Connective, nervous, and muscular. Organs – heart and blood vessels.

  36. CIRCULATRY SYSTEM Heart and blood vessels Does blood support, protect or connect?

  37. SKELETAL SYSTEM Video Video 2

  38. SKELETAL SYSTEM FUNCTION – Provides support for the body and protects organs CELL -This is a bone cell. This big hole is where tiny nerves run through. Does bone support, protect or connect? Notice the shape. It has tiny holes called pores to make the bone lightweight but strong.

  39. Bone cells are circular and stack on each other to make the bone strong. Bone Cells

  40. Bone cells are circular and stack on each other to make the bone strong. Bone Cells

  41. Muscle cells look like rubber bands that contract when they get the impulse from the nerve. Muscle Cells

  42. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Other organ systems directly dependent on Bone Tissue: Organs: Bones Tissue: Connetcive Bones Skeletal System Muscular System

  43. CONNECTIVE TISSUE Cartilage and Fat are also Connective Tissues. What do they do? Fat Cartilage Protects Protects

  44. MUSCLE SYSTEM Function – moves and connect your bone Cell – Skeletal Muscle Tissue – Skeletal Muscle Organs – Muscles

  45. SKELETAL MUSCLE Notice the Shape: Skeletal muscle cells are banded (striped) to contract quickly, tube shaped to contract smoothly TO MOVE YOUR BONES!!!!!!!! Why do you think these cells need to be able to contract quickly and smoothly? These are skeletal muscle cells

  46. SKELETAL MUSCLE Organs where skeletal muscle can be found are: Organ Systems where Skeletal muscle is found: Muscles Muscular System Other organ systems directly dependent on Cardiac Muscle Tissue: SKELETAL SYSTEM

  47. Smooth MUSCLE TISSUE Notice the Shape: Smooth muscle cells are tube shaped to contract smoothly TO MAKE UP YOUR ORGANS (STOMACH, KIDNEYS, INTESTINES, ETC) Why do you think these cells need to be able to contract smoothly? These are smooth muscle cells..

  48. SMOOTH MUSCLE TISSUE Organs where Smooth Muscle tissue can be found are: Organ Systems where Smooth MuscleTissue is found: Stomach, intestines, blood vessels, esophagus, trachea, other organs. Digestive System Other organ systems directly dependent on Smooth Muscle Tissue: Respiratory, Reproductive

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