The words in this sentence are made out of letters. There are only 26 letters to make words in English.

1. Elements, Atoms, and Compounds The words in this sentence are made out of letters. There are only 26 letters to make words in English. Everything in this room (desks, pencils, people, air) is made out of elements. There are only 118 elements on Earth.

2. Only a few ingredients can make an infinite amount of recipes. Question: If a kitchen only had 118 different ingredients (like sugar, salt, flour, eggs, vanilla, carrots), could you make only 118 different recipes? Answer: No, you could make thousands, millions, billions of recipes (although some might not taste very good). In fact, you could make an infinite number of recipes! In the same way, our universe only has about 118 different elements. These are stuck together in different combinations and designs to make EVERYTHING in the universe.

3. Here are some examples of different types of elements Cl Chlorine Na Hydrogen H Sodium C Carbon N S Nitrogen Molybdenum Mo Sulfur O Oxygen

4. This table shows all the elements in the Universe. It’s called the Periodic Table of the Elements, and is the most famous table in chemistry Everything is made of these different elements – including you!

5. The word “atom” comes from a Greek word that means “unable to be cut” Imagine you had a piece of gold that you then cut in half… …and then you cut one of these smaller pieces in half… Gold Go ld … and you kept on cutting the leftover piece in half…

6. An atom of gold The word “atom” comes from a Greek word that means “unable to be cut” Eventually you would have 1 piece of gold left. If you cut it in half, you wouldn’t have gold any more – you’d have something else. This tiny, tiny single 1 piece of gold is called an atom of gold. An atom is the smallest particle of an element that acts like the element. …and kept going… …and kept going… …and kept going…

7. To find atoms you need to look very closely… Wood No. 2 magnified 10 times

8. Cells The wood is made of cells magnified 1000 times

9. Cells have parts inside them, like DNA DNA magnified 10,000,000 times

10. DNA and everything else are made of atoms Atoms magnified 50,000,000 times O C C H Inside this magnifying glass are 7 atoms representing 3 elements (carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen) C C H

11. H H H H H H O O O O O O H H H H H H Some chemicals contain more than 1 type of element; these chemicals are called compounds A piece of gold a drop of water (a compound) (a pure substance, not a compound) Gold Gold Gold Gold Gold Gold Gold Gold Gold

12. How to make salt Salt is a compound: it is 1 chlorine atom attached to 1 sodium atom Cl Na

13. Oxygen O O C Carbon Dioxide O O You breathe in oxygen You breathe out carbon dioxide

14. C O O Cl Na H O H Although some chemical compounds like water, salt, and carbon dioxide are very simple, others are more complicated… Salt(NaCl) Water (H20) Carbon Dioxide(CO2)

15. H H H H H H H H Vitamin C looks like this: O • How many elements are in this compound? • How many atoms are in this compound? C O C O O C C C C O O

16. H H H H H H H H O O O O O O O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Fructose Glucose O C O H O C C C H H C H O C C O C C H H C C H H C C • How many elements are in this compound? • How many atoms are in this compound? H H

17. Sugar is just 1 glucose molecule combined with 1 fructose molecule H H H H H H H H O O O O O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Sucrose (sugar) O C O H O C C C H H C H O C C O C C H O C C H C C H H

18. H H C C C C H H C C H H Saccharin: an artificial sweetener O C N S O O

19. H H H H H H H H H Caffeine: a chemical found in tea, coffee, and cacao (the plant used to make chocolate) O C N C C C C N C • How many elements are in this compound? • How many atoms are in this compound? C N C N C O C

20. H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Capsaicin is the chemical that makes hot foods HOT! H O O H C C C C C C C C H C C N C C C C C C C H O C H • How many elements are in this compound? • How many atoms are in this compound? H H

21. Carbon is just carbon Gold is just gold Au H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H O O O O O O H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Au Some materials are PURE SUBSTANCES:Matter made of the same type of chemical Au Au C C Au Au O O O O C C All elements are pure substances Au Au C C Au Au C C C C Sugar is a pure substance O O O O C C Water is a pure substance Au Au H H H H C C O O O O C C C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H C C C C H H H H O O O O C C C C C C C C O O O O C C C C C C C C H H H H O O O O C C C C C C C C H H H H C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H

22. C O O H O H Most materials are MIXTURES:Matter made of the many types of chemicals Air is a mixture • Other mixtures include: • Dirt • Wood • Bread • Soda O O N N N N N N N N N N N O O N Ar

23. H O N C H C C H C H C H S Na C C H H O N C H N H C C H C H C S Cl N C C H

24. H H C C H C C H H H H H C C H H H H H H H H H These are some carbon and hydrogen atoms I made and then used to make the chemicals in this presentation. Benzene H H C C C C H H C C H H

25. How to Make Rust