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2. Human Trafficking: What LIES behind closed doors

3. After drug trafficking, human trafficking is the second largest criminal industry in the world, and it is the fastest growing. Dept. of Health and Human Services

4. There are an estimated 20.9 million victims of human trafficking globally. Sex trafficking makes about $99 billion a year. 2012, International Labor Organization 2014, International Labor Organization Report

5. The Trafficking Of Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2013(TVPRA) defines severe forms of human trafficking: Recruitment, transportation, harboring, provision or obtaining of persons for: a. sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such an act has not attained 18 years of age; or b. the recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery.

6. U.S. State Department, 2010 It is estimated that between 14,500 and 17,500 persons are being brought annually into the United States for  various avenues of exploitation including involuntary servitude and forced prostitution. Data does not include the millions of individuals who are trafficked within their own country.

7. The number of U.S. citizens trafficked within the country each year is even higher with an estimated 300,000 American children at risk for trafficking in the sex industry. (Office of Justice Programs, 2011) In 2007, 400 children were sexually exploited as child prostitutes in Las Vegas in ONE month. (Shared Hope, 2008)

8. The majority of trafficking victims identified by states are women and children who make up 88% of all victims (66% of victims are women, 13% girls, 9 % boys, and 12% men). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime's Global Report on Trafficking in Persons (2016)

9. Forms of Trafficking

10. LaborTrafficking

11. Other Types of Work

12. Sex Trafficking

13. Pimp- Controlled Sex Trafficking • Pimp= Trafficker • The trafficker presents as a Boyfriend or Care taker • The trafficker lures victims by showering them with affection and promises of love and better opportunities. • The trafficker “breaks” or “conditions” the victims, introducing them to sexual exploitation. • Victims can form trauma bonds with trafficker

14. Pimp- Controlled Sex Trafficking

15. Misconceptions of Prostitution It’s a choice • 85-95% of prostitution is pimp-controlled • Average age of entry is 12-13 • 90% have been sexually abused as a child It’s to support their drug habit • Drug addiction is a result of prostitution Prostitution is just another job • Their “workplace” homicide rate is 51 times higher than the next most dangerous job for women -working in a liquor store • Average life span is 7 years

16. Recruitment/Seasoning   • Pimps are experts in identification and engagement • “Every minor interviewed had a pimp. Every minor said they didn’t.” –Shared Hope International • “Pimps make sure to isolate trafficked and exploited girls from perspectives other than their own. They …work hard to convince a girl that these people don’t really care about her, don’t love her the way he does, have never really been there for her. “ Rachel Lloyd

17. Recruitment/Seasoning • “Any player can tell when a girl has the look of desperation that you know she needs attention or love. It’s something you start to have a sixth sense about.” • “It’s impossible to protect all girls from guys like I was because that’s what we do. We eat, drink and sleep thinking of ways to trick young girls into doing what we want them to do.” From Victims to Victimizers: Interviews with 25 Ex-Pimps in Chicago

18. Pimp Control

19. Adult Women – Force, Fraud, or Coercion? Pimps & Violence & Coercion 86% of the women werephysically abused by pimps, 50% of them assaulted frequently or daily 61% of the women had weapons used against them 80% of the women were sexually assaulted by pimps 34% of the women had death threats to them or family by pimps 85% of the women were psychologically abused by pimps 90% of the women were verbally threatened by pimps 71% of the women had pimps use drugs to control them 52% of the women were forcibly returned, stalked, physically abused, and threatened when they tried to leave Sex Trafficking of Women in the United States, study of 25 women – US and foreign citizens

20. Violence by Johns in Sex Trafficking

21. Adult Women – Force, Fraud, or Coercion? Injuries sustained while in prostitution 80% sustained bruises 35% sustained broken bones 47% sustained head injuries 53% sustained mouth and teeth injuries 65% had vaginal bleeding Sex Trafficking of Women in the United States, study of 25 women – US and foreign citizens

22. Adult Women – Force, Fraud, or Coercion? Pimps & Recruitment 84% of women had pimps 28% of women had boyfriends/husbands who acted as pimps 64% of the recruiters were connected to pimps in the sex industry 79% of the women had money withheld from them Sex Trafficking of Women in the United States, study of 25 women – US and foreign citizens

28. The Experience of Trauma • Quota of 5 customers/night of $500-$1000/night x per day x 7 days/week x 1 year = 1,820 forced sexual encounters

29. Indicators of Sex Trafficking

30. General Indicators

31. Health • Malnourishment • Poor Oral Health • No record or indication of immunizations or vaccines • Physical injuries (broken bones, concussions, burns, vaginal/anal tearing) • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting in memory loss, dizziness, headaches, numbness

32. Psychological • Depression or flat affect • Poor self esteem • No eye contact with face to face communication • Dissociation and acts of deliberate self-harm • Depression • Extreme risk of suicide • High levels of anxiety or fear • Unusual emotional attachment to trafficker

33. Brothels • It can be ANY house/building • Large amounts of cash and condoms • Customer logbooks one for the house second for the victim. • Sparse rooms • Men come and go frequently • Used twin mattresses stacked up outside of residence

34. Comprehensive Care • Understand that certain behaviors are a response to trauma. • Community • Individualized • Safety • Strength-based • Empathy • Empowerment vs. rescue mentality • Repetition & Patience Trauma-Informed Interventions

35. Interacting with VictimsVictim Center Approach • Convey message that safety is your first priority • Talk with them • Try not to raise the trafficker’s suspicion • Isolate the victim from accompanying individuals. Traffickers often accompany victims • Try to build a relationship and gain trust. This may take time – have patience.

36. What to Expect • Denial • Show signs of trauma bonding • Difficulty in describing events • Fear • Difficulty with trust • Little or no knowledge of rights • Unwilling to accept help • Anger • Give conflicting stories Be Patient! They do no see themselves as a victim

37. www.truthforwomen.org info@truthforwomen.org (610) 866-5755