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African-American History. Literature from an Historical Perspective. ORAL TRADITION. 1619-1808. ORAL TRADITION 1619-1808. Work Songs We are going down to Georgia, boys To see the pretty girls, boys; We’ll give ‘em a pint of brandy, boys And a hearty kiss, besides, boys. Spirituals
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African-American History Literature from an Historical Perspective
ORAL TRADITION 1619-1808
ORAL TRADITION 1619-1808 • Work Songs We are going down to Georgia, boys To see the pretty girls, boys; We’ll give ‘em a pint of brandy, boys And a hearty kiss, besides, boys. • Spirituals Joshua fit de battle of Jericho, Jericho, Jericho, Joshua fit the battle of Jericho, And de walls come tumbling town.
Oral Tradition • Folktales--Africa The Elephant and the Tortoise • Slave Folktales Rabbit Teaches Bear a Song
Oral Tradition • Phillis Wheatley (1770’s) ‘Twas mercy brought me from my Pagan land, Taught my benighted soul to understand That there’s a God, that there’s a Savior too: Once I redemption neither sought nor knew. Some view our sable race with scornful eye, “Their colour is diabolic die.” Remember, Christians, Negros, black as Cain, May be refin’d, and join th’ angelic train.
ABOLITIONISTS 1808-1865
ABOLITIONISTS 1808-1865 • Olaudah Equiano (1745-1797) “One day, when we had a smooth sea and moderate wind, two of my wearied countrymen who were chained together, preferring death to such a life of misery, somehow made through the netting and jumped into the sea;…Many a time we were near suffocation from the want of fresh air, which we were often without for whole days together.”
Slave Narratives • Sojourner Truth (1779-?) • “Ain’t I A Woman?” • Frederick Douglas (1817-1895) • Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass • Harriet A. Jacobs (1813-1897) • Incidents in the Life of a Salve Girl, Written by Herself • William Wells Brown (1815-1884) • Clotel: The President’s Daughter, A Narrative of Slave Life in the United States
POST CIVIL WAR 1865-1915
POST CIVIL WAR 1865-1915 • Charles Chesnutt (1858-1932) • The Goophered Grapevine • Paul Dunbar (1872-1906) • We Wear the Mask • Booker T. Washington (1856-1915) • Up From Slavery • W.E. Du Bois (1868-1963) • The Souls of Black Folks
We Wear the Mask WE wear the mask that grins and lies, It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes,— This debt we pay to human guile; With torn and bleeding hearts we smile, And mouth with myriad subtleties.
We Wear the Mask • Why should the world be over-wise, In counting all our tears and sighs? Nay, let them only see us, while We wear the mask. • We smile, but, O great Christ, our cries To thee from tortured souls arise. We sing, but oh the clay is vile Beneath our feet, and long the mile; But let the world dream otherwise, We wear the mask!
RENAISANNCE 1915-1945
RENAISANNCE 1915-1945 • Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) • Speech on Disarmament Conference • Claude McKay (1889-1948) • If We Must Die • Langston Hughes (1902-1967) • Harlem • Gwendolyn Bennett (1902-1981) • Heritage • Richard Wright (1908-1960) • Black Boy
Harlem • What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore— And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over— like a syrupy sweet? • Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. • Or does it explode?
PRE-CIVIL RIGHTS 1945-1960
PRE-CIVIL RIGHTS1945-1960 • Margaret Walker (1915-) • For My People • Gwendolyn Brooks (1917-) • We Real Cool • Lorraine Hansberry (1930-1965) • A Raisin in the Sun • Ralph Ellison (1914-1994) • Invisible Man • James Baldwin (1924-1987) • Sonny’s Blues
CIVIL RIGHTS TO NOW 1960 to Present
CIVIL RIGHTS TO NOW1960 to Present • Malcolm X (1925-1965) • Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) • Henry Louis Gates, Jr. (1950-) • Maya Angelou (1928-) • I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings • Toni Morrison (1931-) • The Bluest Eyes • Alice Walker (1944-) • Everyday Use • Terry McMillan (1951-) • How Stella God Her Groove Back