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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Marine Vertebrates. Vertebrates. Animals with a backbone Breathe air. Marine Vertebrates. Reptiles Sea Birds Marine Mammals. Reptiles. Dry Scaly Skin Leathery egg shells Sea Turtles Sea Snakes Marine Iguana Saltwater Crocodile. Sea Turtles – 7 Species.

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Marine Vertebrates

  2. Vertebrates • Animals with a backbone • Breathe air

  3. Marine Vertebrates • Reptiles • Sea Birds • Marine Mammals

  4. Reptiles • Dry Scaly Skin • Leathery egg shells • Sea Turtles • Sea Snakes • Marine Iguana • Saltwater Crocodile

  5. Sea Turtles – 7 Species 350 species of turtles – most are land dwellers Most dangerous part of their life is the first ten years Have been around at least 200 million years Life to about 80 Carapace – shell on back Plastron – shell on belly

  6. Green Sea Turtle (Chelonia mydas) • Swim 20 mph • 300 lbs • 4 scutes on each side • Eggs – size and shape of a ping pong ball Fibropapilloma - virus that causes tumors on the turtle

  7. Eat Sponges Hawk like beak 100-250 lbs Beautiful shell Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)

  8. Leatherback – Dermochelys coriacea • 8 ft long – 2000 lbs • 1.5 ounce hatchling • Eat jellyfish • Found in more places than any other reptile • Body and shell like rubber • 120 million years old • Once 6 species of LB • Shell is 1.6 in thick • 7 ridges in front – 5 in back • Males have a pink patch on • their heads

  9. Baby Leatherbacks • Caribbean – nest from March to July • Pacific – nest from Oct to Jan • Gestation period – 2 months • Females lay eggs every 2 to 3 years • Lay 120 lbs of eggs in 4 to 5 nests over 4 months • 45 – 160 eggs in a nest • Eggs are 1.3 to 2.3 lbs • Colder temps – more male hatchlings

  10. Kemps Ridley (Lepidochlys kempii) • 85 – 100 lbs

  11. Loggerhead (Caretta caretta) • 250-350 lbs • 5 scutes on each side

  12. Birds • Breed in colonies • Mate for life • Life at sea – nest on land

  13. Penguins • 17 species • All are found in the Southern Hemisphere • Swim about 8 mph

  14. Emperor Penguin • Largest penguin • Can dive down to 1750 ft • Holds its breath for 20 minutes • 4 feet tall – 85 pounds

  15. Little Penguin • (Eudyptula minor) • Smallest penguin • 16 inches tall – 2 lbs • Live in the dunes on the shores of Australia and New Zealand

  16. Tubenoses • Albatross Shearwater Petrel

  17. Pelicans

  18. Gulls

  19. Marine Mammals • Hair • Feed babies milk • Produce a few well cared for young • Do not drink – water from food • Blubber is also a source of water

  20. Pinnipeds • “winged footed” • Seals • Sea Lions and Fur Seals • Walruses

  21. Harbor Seal

  22. Elephant Seal • Males – 16.5 ft. • 5000 lbs (2 cars) • Can sty underwater for 2 hours • Pup – weights 85 lbs at birth – nurses for a month and triples its weight • Proboscis – begins to enlarge at 4 to 5 years – not fully developed until sexually mature at 9 to 10 years

  23. Sea Lion • Walk on all four flippers • Front flippers to swim, rear to steer • Ear flaps • Calf is nursed for 6 months to a year

  24. Walrus • 12 feet long • Up to 3000 lbs • 100 lbs of shellfish a day • Tusks – 3 feet long • Use tusks to pull out on ice • 1/3 of an adult is blubber • Second largest pinneped (elephant seal largest) • No fur – need to sun themselves • 400 bristles on face to feel for food on the ocean bottom

  25. Sea Otters • Smallest sea mammals • Pacific coast of north and south America • No blubber • Thickest fur of any animal • 4 to 5 feet • 85 lbs • Eat a ¼th of their body weight each day

  26. Polar Bear • Northern Canada and Greenland • Largest of all bears • Males – 8 ft when standing up right • 1500 pounds • Partially webbed front paws

  27. Sea Cows and Sirenians • 8 to 12 feet • 440 – 1320 lbs • Closest relative to an elephant • Teeth continuously replaced because they are worn down by the vegetation • Eats 55 to 95 pounds daily • Manatee – paddle shaped tail • Dugongs – forked tail

  28. Cetaceans Baleen Whales • Rorquals – have long ridges in their throat Toothed Whales

  29. Baleen Whales

  30. Blue Whale – Baleen Whale • 100 feet – 300,000 lbs • Feeding season – 10,000 lbs of krill a day • Heart – size of a small car (1000 lbs) • 14,000 lbs of blood • Adult could crawl through the large blood vessels • Tongue – weighs as much as an elephant • Toddler can fit into a blowhole • Eyes the size of grapefruits • Baleen plates – 3 ft long (540 -790 plates) • Swim 14 mpg – Olympic swimmer 2 mph

  31. Blue Whale Calf • Weighs 6000 lbs at birth • Can gain 9 lbs an hour • Gains 200 lbs a day • 7 months – 50 ft long – 46,000 lbs • Nursing mom may lose 1/3 of her body weight – 100,000 lbs

  32. Minke Whale - 2nd smallest whale • 33 ft long – 20,000 lbs

  33. Gray Whale • 50 ft • Feed off mud on the bottom

  34. Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) • 45-50 ft – 33 tons • Flipper can be 17 ft in length • 3 separate populations (N. Atlantic, N. Pacific, Antarctic Seas to the South Pacific) • Summer – food rich water at the poles • Winter – warm tropical and subtropical waters

  35. Rich milk – 40% fat (humans 2 %, Cow 4%) • Calf drinks 100 gallons a day • Gains 50 lbs a day

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