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Equilibrium

Equilibrium. The equilibrium receptors are located in the There are 2 types of equilibrium: Static Equilibrium – Dynamic Equilibrium – . Static Equilibrium. Maculae – Composed of Otoliths – As the head moves, the otoliths

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Equilibrium

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  1. Equilibrium • The equilibrium receptors are located in the • There are 2 types of equilibrium: • Static Equilibrium – • Dynamic Equilibrium –

  2. Static Equilibrium • Maculae – • Composed of • Otoliths – • As the head moves, the otoliths • The hair cells send the electrical signal to the cerebellum to make the body aware of the head’s position

  3. Dynamic Equilibrium • Semicircular canals are arranged in the • Crista ampullaris - • Contain hair cells covered by a gel-like cap called the • As the head moves, the

  4. Accessory/External Structures of the Eye • Eyelid & eyelashes – • Tarsal glands – • Located on • Conjunctiva - • Conjuctivitis

  5. Lacrimal Apparatus Lacrimal gland • Lacrimal gland • Flow of Tears: Canals Lacrimal sac Nasolacrimalduct

  6. Extrinsic eye muscles • Usually coordinate movement in both eyes S S M Lateral rectus (cut) I I

  7. Internal Structures of the Eyeball • The wall of the eyeball is composed of 3 layers:

  8. Outermost Fibrous Layer Sclera Cornea • Sclera • Cornea • Can be transplanted without fear of rejection

  9. Lasik Surgery • Procedure that • Process: • A flap of the cornea is cut and pulled back • A “cool” laser destroys tissue of the cornea to shape it for the best focusing power • Flap is placed back over pupil Animation of Lasik Surgery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=fvwp&NR=1&v=Bb8bnjnEM00 Video of actual Lasik Surgery: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O4kDC4sZ5Jg

  10. Middle Vascular Layer Choroid Iris • Choroid • Modified at front into two structures: • Ciliary Body - • Iris - Pupil Ciliary Body

  11. Constriction/Dilation of Pupil • Dim light • Bright light Radially arranged Smooth muscle fibers Parasympathetic motor nerve fiber Sympathetic motor nerve fiber Circularly arranged smooth muscle fibers Pupil In bright light In dim light In normal light

  12. Inner Sensory Layer Retina • Retina • Does not contain photoreceptor cells, thus known as the “blind spot” Optic Nerve Optic Disc (blind spot)

  13. Optic Nerve & Optic Disc

  14. Photoreceptor Cells: Rods & Cones Cones Rods • Rods • Cones • Located near blind spot Rod Cone (c)

  15. Cones • Cone Sensitivity (c)

  16. Lens & Humors Lens • The lens divides the eye into two segments: • Area anterior to lens contains a • Area posterior to lens contains a Aqueous Humor Vitreous Humor

  17. Cataracts • Causes: • Symptoms: • Eventually causes blindness in affected eye • Treatment: Same photo viewed with normal vision and vision with a cataract

  18. Glaucoma • Normally, • Glaucoma is the result • Symptoms: • Treatment:

  19. h. a. i. k. b. l. c. d. m. e. f. g. n.

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