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Ilse de Jager

Nutritional benefits of grain legume cultivation within the N2Africa project in Northern Ghana. Ilse de Jager. N2Africa project. Agricultural productivity by BNF . Ghana, Nigeria, DRC, Malawi, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Zimbabwe New: Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia

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Ilse de Jager

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  1. Nutritional benefits of grain legume cultivation within the N2Africa project in Northern Ghana Ilse de Jager

  2. N2Africa project Agricultural productivity by BNF • Ghana, Nigeria, DRC, Malawi, Kenya, Mozambique, Rwanda, Zimbabwe New: Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia • Groundnut, soybean, cowpea, climbing bean, pigeon pea, common bean • Demonstration plots for smallholder farmers (field day, farmer groups) • Literature study and case studies

  3. Objectives • Assessing impact (quantitative): • Nutrient adequacy of the diet • Nutritional status By quasi-experimental, cross-sectional study • Assessing pathways (qualitative): • Via food availability • Via income By focus group discussions

  4. Methodology –study area • Ghana • 238.537 km2, lowland country, on average 26 ºC • 28 % of children < 5 are stunted, 9 % are wasted • Districts • Rainfall • Market accessibility

  5. Methodology -subjects • Selection of N2Africa villages and farmers • Villages in N2Africa project from 2010 • Farmers who received inputs in 2012 • Selection of non-N2Africa villages and household • Villages supervised by same extension officer • Random walk method

  6. Methodology -subjects • Households were included when present: • (N2Africa) farmer • Child of 6 – 59 month old (if >1, randomly selected) • Mother of child (if >1 wife, randomly selected) N2Africa group: N = 129 Non-N2Africa gourp: N = 202

  7. Methodology - IDDS • Individual Dietary Diversity Score (IDDS) • Proxy measure of nutrient adequacy • 24 hour recalls • 14 Food groups

  8. Methodology - IDDS • Role play • Open questions • Not suggestive • ALL ingredients (mixed meals -> ask!) • Probe for snacks, fruits and fluids • Bought items (check ingredients on market) • Analysing: food composition table for categorisation into food groups (vitamin A rich vegetables and fruits)

  9. Methodology - anthropometry • Measuring nutritional status Height Weight -Children <2: recumbent length -remove shoes, jackets -Children >2: standing height -child <2: with mother -Analysis: 0.7 cm (length child>2) -child >2: stand still

  10. Methodology -measurements • Analysing nutritional status • Use WHO reference population 2006 • SPSS syntax (anthro+), epi info (low key, free)

  11. Results Individual dietary diversity N2Africa subjects and non-N2Africa subjects *P<0.05 (Mann-Whitney U test); • Children > 2 years of N2Africa participants have a more nutrient adequate diet • Children < 2 years do not differ

  12. Results Consumption of food groups • N2Africa subjects consumed more: • ‘White roots and tubers’, ‘Other fruits’, ‘Legumes, nuts & seeds’ and ‘Oils & fats’

  13. Results Nutritional status indicators N2Africa subjects and non-N2Africa subjects • Long-term effect • Other causes of malnutrition

  14. Conclusions • Legume intake higher in N2Africa subjects • N2Africa seems to increase the nutrient adequacy of the diet of children > 2 years, but not < 2 years • No impact on nutritional status • Involving nutrition from the beginning... • Target households with children under 5, adolescent girls • - Varieties of legumes high in iron, low in phytate(measure) • - Collaborate with other projects (health, WASH) • Nutritional value addition within value chain

  15. Questions? n2africa.tv/video/77717212

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