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A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots into the air…

A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots into the air…. Panda. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. Eats, shoots and leaves. The Hyphen. (From Eats, Shoots & Leaves by Lynne Truss, 2003).

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A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots into the air…

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  1. A panda walks into a café. He orders a sandwich, eats it, then draws a gun and fires two shots into the air…

  2. Panda. Large black-and-white bear-like mammal, native to China. Eats, shoots and leaves.

  3. The Hyphen (From Eats, Shoots & Leaves by Lynne Truss, 2003)

  4. “There are a great many hyphens left in America. For my part, I think the most un-American thing in the world is a hyphen.” Woodrow Wilson, 1919 1856-1924 Former US President, 1912-1920. Re-elected in 1916.)

  5. Uses of the Hyphen • 1. To avoid ambiguity. • A re-formed musical group. • A reformed musical group. • A long-standing friend. • A long standing friend.

  6. Large schedule establishment overheads • Large-schedule establishment overheads? • Or large schedule-establishment overheads? • Locally constant, linear and quadratic approximations • Is this a list of three approximations? Locally constant, linear, and quadratic? • Or locally-constant linear and locally-constant quadratic approximations?

  7. 2. Spelling out numbers. • Twenty-three. • Forty-two. • 3. Linking nouns to other nouns. • The London-Brighton train. • American-French relations. • Tarzan the ape-man.

  8. 4. A noun phrase modifying another noun. • Stainless steel – not hyphenated, just an adjective modifying a noun. • Stainless-steel kitchen – “stainless steel” works as a noun phrase, and the hyphen prevents reading it as a stainless kitchen made out of steel.

  9. 5. Certain (but not all) prefixes. • Un-American • Anti-Communist • Quasi-grammatical • But not: • Prejudice • Subordinate

  10. 6. Spelling out words • Muammar Qaddafi’s name has been spelled: • G-h-a-d-d-a-f-i • K-a-d-d-a-f-i • G-a-d-h-a-f-i • K-h-a-d-a-f-y • (and over 30 other variants)

  11. 7. To avoid “letter collision” in compound words: • Shell-like, not Shelllike • Re-elect, not reelect. • De-ice, not deice.

  12. 8. To indicate an unfinished word on a line. • “I was walking through the woods and suddenly dis-covered…” • 9. To indicate hesitation and stammering. • “M-m-my n-name is B-B-Billy B-B-Bibbet.” –One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, Ken Kesey

  13. 10. To qualify a forthcoming hyphenated phrase. • He was a two- or three-year-old. • Whether you’re pro- or anti-religion…

  14. When does a word stop being hyphenated? • Through repeated use, typically. • Previous hyphenated words: • To-morrow • Sub-marine • Good-bye

  15. What’s the difference? • Extra-marital sex. • Extra marital sex. • Little-used car. • Little used car. • Pickled-herring merchant. • Pickled herring merchant.

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