1 / 36

Chapter 7 Water and Atmospheric Moisture

Chapter 7 Water and Atmospheric Moisture. Water on the earth: Land and Water Hemispheres. 2/3 earth’s surface areas are water body Most land is over northern Hemisphere. Figure 7.2. Ocean and Freshwater Distribution. Figure 7.3. Unique Properties of Water  . Heat properties 

reegan
Download Presentation

Chapter 7 Water and Atmospheric Moisture

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 7Water and Atmospheric Moisture

  2. Water on the earth: Land and Water Hemispheres • 2/3 earth’s surface areas are water body • Most land is over northern Hemisphere Figure 7.2

  3. Ocean and Freshwater Distribution Figure 7.3

  4. Unique Properties of Water   • Heat properties  • Phase change • Latent heat: heat related to water phase change • Heat properties of water in nature  

  5. Three States of Water Figure 7.5

  6. Phase Changes Figure 7.7

  7. Uniqueness of Ice Forms Figure 7.6

  8. Humidity Saturation: air is holding the maximum amount vapor at the given air temperature. • Expressions of humidity   • Vapor pressure • Specific humidity • Relative humidity • Dew point • Instruments

  9. Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Figure 7.10

  10. Water Vapor in the Atmosphere Figure 7.10

  11. Vapor pressure: pressure created by water vapor aloneSaturation Vapor Pressure:maximum vapor pressure at a given air temperature.It increases with air temperature, more rapidly at higher air temperatures Figure 7.12

  12. Specific humidity: the amount of water (g) vapor in a kg of dry airMaximum Specific Humidity: the saturation specific humidity at a given air temperature Figure 7.13

  13. Relative Humidity: (actual vapor)/(saturation vapor); how close the atmosphere to the saturation Figure 7.8

  14. Humidity Patterns Air temperature increases, the relative humidity decreases if there is no change in vapor amount in the air Figure 7.11

  15. Humidity Instruments: hair hygrometer; dry-and-wet bulb thermometer Figure 7.14

  16. Dew point temperature The air temperature when air reaches saturation (when dew starts to form)

  17. Clouds and Fog • Cloud Formation Processes   • Cloud Types and Identification   • Fog  

  18. Cloud Formation Processes • Moisture droplets • Cloud-condensation nuclei

  19. Moisture Droplets Figure 7.20

  20. Ice crystal process: ice crystals grow and water droplets evaporate Raindrop and Snowflake Formation Collision and coalescence: large droplets merges with smaller ones Figure 7.21

  21. Cloud Types and Identification   Clouds with vertical development: Cumulus cumulonimbus High clouds: cirrus, cirrostratus, cirrocumulus Middle clouds: altostratus, altocumulus Low clouds: stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus Figure 7.22

  22. Cirrus Figure 7.22

  23. Cirrostratus Figure 7.22

  24. Altocumulus Figure 7.22

  25. Altostratus Figure 7.22

  26. Nimbostratus Figure 7.22

  27. Stratus Figure 7.22

  28. Cumulus Figure 7.22

  29. Cumulonimbus Figure 7.22

  30. Cumulonimbus Development Thunderstorm cloud: with updraft and downdraft in different parts of the cloud Figure 7.23

  31. Fog: clouds with based on the ground   • Advection fog • Evaporation fog • Upslope fog • Valley fog • Radiation fog

  32. Advection Fog: warm and moist air moves over a cooler surface Figure 7.24

  33. Evaporation Fog: warm water evaporates into colder air above Figure 7.25

  34. Radiation Fog: radiation cooling of the land surface chills the near surface air.Condition: clear sky, calm (light wind).Most common in fall and winter Figure 7.27

More Related