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The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Jump in time: 1300 Dante’s start of the Inferno Hamlet composed around 1600 or 1601 From Medieval to High Renaissance in one leap. Hamlet as Renaissance Man.
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The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark • Jump in time: 1300 Dante’s start of the Inferno • Hamlet composed around 1600 or 1601 • From Medieval to High Renaissance in one leap
Hamlet as Renaissance Man • Medieval supernaturalism: faith; afterlife; uniform view (more or less); suppressed the ego and individual • Renaissance humanism: movement toward secularism; appreciation of worldly pleasures; individual experience rather than shadowy afterlife; reliance upon faith and God weakened • Renaissance man suspended between faith and reason (scientific attitude came later)
Elizabethan Agereigned 1558-1603 • Renaissance English Literature 1485-1603 • Became queen when she was 25; nation bankrupt; not believed legitimate heir of throne by most • Educated as well as any prince; pragmatic--never passionate about religion • Quest for prosperity-stability guiding force of her reign
Struggles between Church of England and Catholics • Despite her desire to prevaricate or play both sides, tensions mounted • She was considered Protestant leader • To be activist Catholic was to be a traitor to England
Themes in Hamlet • Revenge: Can personal revenge ever be justified? What effects does seeking revenge have on the avenger? • Friendship-betrayal: Who is loyal in this “rotten state” of Denmark?
Hero Journey • More psychological, though it has some spiritual components • Play of questions & mystery—more questions than answers • Struggle to take action of revenge • He has inherited his situation
Sanity vs Insanity • Hamlet feigns madness as a ploy • Seems on the edge of insanity • Ophelia struggles to keep her sanity
Appearance vs Reality • Nature of reality-truth (Myth of the Cave) • Phony or feigned appearances (deception) • Appear or seems • Four interpretive possibilities of the Ghost, for example
Family RelationsFriendship-Love-Loyalty • Father-son (King Hamlet and Prince Hamlet; Polonius and Laertes; Old Fortinbras and Fortinbras • Mother-son (Gertrude-Hamlet; Ophelia as motherless) • Brother-sister (Ophelia-Laertes) • Brother-brother (King Hamlet and Claudius; Cain and Abel connection) • Polonius-Laertes-Ophelia subplot
Prominent Imagery Patterns • Disease-poison-infection • Animal imagery • Music-painting imagery • Garden imagery • Drama (show-act-play) • Allusions to Greek and Roman myths