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Central Europe

Central Europe. Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland Agriculture is common in the northern part of the region and coal mining is more prevalent in the southern part of the region. UNIT 4 CHAPTER 15. SECTION 1 Germany (pg 327-331).

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Central Europe

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  1. Central Europe • Germany, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Hungary, and Switzerland • Agriculture is common in the northern part of the region and coal mining is more prevalent in the southern part of the region.

  2. UNIT 4CHAPTER 15 SECTION 1 Germany (pg 327-331)

  3. Germany: HISTORYIdentify some key events in the history of Germany. • AD 700-Charlemagne unites Germanic tribes • 1890-1914-Germany rise to power causes nations to form alliances • (Britain, France, Russia, US) (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire) • 1914-1919–WWI • = German economy collapses; food shortages, unemployment • = Enter Hitler • = 1939-1945—WWII (Holocaust/genocide) • = Migration of Jews to Palestine • 1949—NATO (the North Atlantic Treaty Organization) • 1955-1991—Warsaw Pact • Video: Germany History & Now

  4. Allied winners of WWII divide Germany = Berlin Wall • West Germany = US, French & British. Democracy. Strong Economy. • East Germany = Soviet Union. Communism. Weak Economy. • 1990 – East & West reunite • Video: Reunification • 1990—East & West Germany reunite

  5. Cold WarVideo: The Cold War

  6. Germany: CULTUREDescribe some features of Germanic culture. • Government: Democratic • Capital=Berlin; Divided into 16 states-Bavaria is largest. • Language: German • Religion: 1/3 are Roman Catholic, many Protestants • Food: sausages, pork, veal, cheese • Environment: pollution concerns; strict laws • Free Time: hiking, camping

  7. GermanyECONOMYExamine the German economy. • Member of EU • German language used in international businesses • Businesses manufacture: machinery, cars, electronics, medical equipment • Agriculture: grains, sugar beets, potatoes • Moving away from using nuclear power; import oil

  8. Germany: ISSUES & CHALLENGESEvaluate the issues & challenges faced by Germany. Changing Population • Low birthrates = population declining • Longer life expectancies=older generations needing care • Turkish immigrants=invited to work in Germany in 1950’s and chose to stay • Standard of Living • Close ineffective factories = job loss • Pollution cleanup • Loss of gov’t controlled living

  9. Switzerland UNIT 4CHAPTER 15 SECTION 2 The Alpine Countries (Austria & Switzerland) (pg 335-337) Austria

  10. BOTH AUSTRIA & SWITZERLAND: Are located in the Alps Were settled by Germanic tribes after Roman Empire fell; Influenced by Germanic culture

  11. Austria: HISTORY, CULTURE & ECONOMYDescribe features of Austria’s history, culture, & economy. • Settled by Germanic tribes Video: Switzerland Summary • 1867-became Austrian-Hungarian Empire • After WWI-Hungary (independent)&Austria (democratic-republic) • WWII-Germany claims; end war Allies claim • 1955—Austria gains independence again Language: German Religion: Roman Catholic Vienna: on Danube River (home to Mozart & Beethoven ) Member of EU Economy: Industries of steel, machines, & chemicals; forestry, hydropower, wood, glass, ski resorts

  12. SwitzerlandHISTORY, CULTURE & ECONOMYAnalyze the political, cultural, & economic features of Switzerland. • 1200’s—separate from Austria; 1600’s—independent • Today—confederation (group of states joined for common purpose) of 26 cantons (states) • Languages: German, French, Italian, Romansh, (English becoming 5th language) (multi-lingual people) • Religion: Roman Catholic & Protestant • Cities: Bern, Geneva, Zurich • Not a member of the EU. Why? Neutral-don’t take sides • Economy: international banking, insurance, watches, cheese & chocolate • Challenge: Pollution harmed 35% of forests; limit tree cutting

  13. Lithuania Estonia UNIT 4CHAPTER 15 Latvia SECTION 3 Poland and the Baltics (Poland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) (pg 338-341) Poland

  14. Poland & the Baltics: HISTORYTrace the history of Poland and the Baltic countries. 1910 - Poland & Baltics become independent after WWI 1940 - Soviet Union occupies Poland 1980 - Poland breaks from Communism 1991 - Baltic countries become independent • Language: Polish • Religion: Roman Catholic • Cities: Warsaw (WWII-Germans invaded and placed Jews in a ghetto) • Economy: auto and glass manufacturing • EU: joined 2004; Poland needs more economic progress before it can use euro

  15. Auschwitz, Poland • Site of the largest Nazi concentration camp during WWII-more than 4 million Jewish, Roma (Gypsies), Polish, & Soviet people died.

  16. Baltics : HISTORYTrace the history of Poland and the Baltic countries. • All Baltic Countries: --trying to rebuild economies & clean up pollution after Communist rule --Trade essential • Latvia Ties to Sweden from trade • Lithuania Culturally tied to Poland Religion: Roman Catholic • Estonia Language: related to Finnish Religion: Lutheran

  17. Kaliningrad, Russia • Kaliningrad is the only Russian Baltic Sea port that is ice-free all year round. • Due to the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Kaliningrad Oblast became an exclave, geographically separated from the rest of Russia. • This isolation from the rest of Russia became even more pronounced politically when Poland and Lithuania became members of NATO and the European Union in 2004. All military and civilian land links between the region and the rest of Russia have to pass through members of NATO and the EU.

  18. Czech Republic UNIT 4CHAPTER 15 SECTION 4 The Czech Republic, Slovakia, & Hungary (pg 342-345) Hungary Slovakia

  19. The Czech Republic, Slovakia, & Hungary: HISTORYIdentify similarities & differences in the histories of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, & Hungary. • Were all once part of Austrian-Hungarian empire. Became independent after WWI. • All occupied by Soviet Union after WWII- had Communist governments until Soviets lost control in 1990’s. • Czechoslovakia was a complementary region based on Czech resources and industries and Slovak agriculture. They split into 2 countries in 1993. Video: Czech Republic

  20. HungaryHow has the fall of communism affected Hungary? The Czech Republic & SlovakiaDescribe the Czech Republic and Slovakia. • Language:Magyar(Finnish, Asian origins) • Religion: Roman Catholic -2/3 • Cities: Budapest • Economy: farming • EU: joined 2004 CZECH REPUBLIC • Language: Czech • Religion: Roman Catholic 40%; no religion 40% • Cities: Prague • Economy: steel & glass • EU: joined 2004 SLOVAKIA • Language: Slovak • Cities: Bratislava • Culture: folk art & music • EU: joined 2004

  21. UNIT 4CHAPTER 16 SECTION 1 The Iberian Peninsula (Spain & Portugal) (pg 349-353)

  22. The Iberian Peninsula Pyrenees Andorra Spain surrounded by water = great sea faring country Africa Spain

  23. Spain: HISTORY & GOVERNMENTAnalyze how past events have affected Spain. 700 AD-1492- Arabic people from Africa called Moors invaded Iberia (brought Islamic religion, irrigation, new crops; Moors forced out by Christians 1500’s – use navy to build world wide empire 1800’s – lost most of empire, fought many wars about monarchy vs. democracy = civil war in 1936 1975-Today-constitutional monarchy (17 regions have autonomy or self government) Government: Constitutional Monarchy Language: Spanish (Castilian, Basque & Catalan) Religion: Roman Catholic Cities: Madrid, Barcelona Culture: plazas, Moorish influence, bull fighting

  24. Spain: ECONOMY • Economy: clothing, ships, cars, tourism, agriculture • EU: joined 1986 (with Portugal) ISSUES & CHALLENGES • Unemployment • Immigration (North Africans looking for jobs-none found) • Independence Movements (Basques in Pyrenees in northern Spain)

  25. Portugal: HISTORY & CULTURECompare & contrast Portugal & Spain. • Roman rule • Moorish rule • Established colonies • around the world • Language: Portuguese Portugal: ECONOMY • Government: Democratic • EU: joined 1986 (with Spain) • Economy: tourism, cork • Issues: Immigrants from • northern Africa

  26. Italy UNIT 4CHAPTER 16 SECTION 2 The Italian Peninsula (Italy) (pg. 355-359 )

  27. ITALIAN PENINSULA • San Marino – the oldest city and one of two microstate in the regions;300’s – Christians seeking to escape persecution; 23 sq miles • The Vatican – smallest country in the world • (109 acres) (bank, post office, radio station) The Vatican

  28. Italy: HISTORYAnalyze how Italy’s history has affected it’s culture • 500 BC-Roman Empire dominated the region’s history spread laws, language, architecture, urban life, Christianity Gladiator fights were population at the Colosseum • 1300-1500’s-Renaissance “rebirth” (daVinci, Michelangelo, Raphael) • 1861-Italy becomes a united country • WWI-fought with Allies (US, England, France) • 1920-1943-Benito Mussolini (type of government?) • WWII-fought with Axis powers • 1943-Today-Democracy with changing governments • 1958-help found the EU

  29. Italy: PEOPLE & CULTURE • Language: Italian • Religion: Roman Catholic • Cities: Rome on Tiber River • Government: Democracy • Economy: • North Italy – rich and industrialized • Today known for fine Leather & sports cars • South Italy – poor and agriculture • Sicily is where much of the food we enjoy comes from • Where the mob comes from as well Italy: ISSUES & CHALLENGES • Southern Economy needs to be improved • Aging Population (low birthrates, no young workers to replace older ones, immigration adds to population) • Pollution (traffic-limits # of trucks that can drive through historic center, smog, wear and tear to monuments)

  30. When bad goes good. Tower of Pisa Venice Italy

  31. 120 islands make up Venice, Italy There are 150 canals that snake around & through the islands leaving ppl 2 choices: walk or take a boat Located @ the N. end of the Adriatic Sea it is an excellent port city Italian H-E Interaction Satellite Image of Venice

  32. Bldgs are supported by lg wooden pilings The weight of the bldgs is too much & Venice is sinking Pollution: industrial waste, sewage, & saltwater are eating away at bldg foundations & damage the bldgs Erosion has allowed more seawater into the lagoon, which has led to a flooding problem Construction & Problems in Venice Canal & buildings in Venice

  33. UNIT 4CHAPTER 16 SECTION 3 Greece & the Balkan Peninsula (Albania Bulgaria Romania Moldova Serbia Montenegro Kosovo Slovenia Macedonia Croatia Bosnia-Herzegovina,) (pg 360-365)

  34. GREECE • Surrounded by the Aegean, Crete, Ionian, and Mediterranean Seas • Europe’s earliest and most advanced civilizations • The Olympics (near Mount Olympus, Greece’s highest peak) and Marathons were started here, as well as Math and Democracy • City-state – powerful self-governing cities Parthenon built in 400 B.C. to Greek goddess Athena

  35. Greece CULTURE, ECONOMY, ISSUES GreeceHISTORY • Language: Greek • Religion: Greek Orthodox Christian • Food: baklava (Turkish food) • Economy: move from agriculture to industrial • EU: joined 1981 • Challenges: illegal immigrants from Albania, traffic, pollution (smog) • Persians • Romans • Turks • Independence (1829) • Civil War (after WWII) • Democratic Government (1974) Video: Greece

  36. BALKAN PENINSULA • This region has a mix of ethnic enclaves • A region completely surrounded by another region Kosovo WEST BALKANS • Ottoman Turks • Soviet Union control until 1980 • Fights for independence EAST BALKANS • Ottoman Turks • Independence –late 1800s • Soviet Union control until 1990s

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