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лекция на тему:

лекция на тему:. Histophysiology thyroid and parathyroid glands. Adrenal gland. Кафедра гистологии Карагандинского государственного медицинского университета.

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лекция на тему:

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  1. лекция на тему: Histophysiology thyroid and parathyroid glands. Adrenal gland. Кафедра гистологии Карагандинского государственного медицинского университета

  2. General characteristics of the thyroid glandhormones:A. Tetraiodothyronine (thyroxine) and triiodothyronine - regulate the basal metabolic rate (↑ catabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates), the processes of growth, development and differentiation of tissues, ↑ O2 consumption by cells. ≈ all target cells.Two. Thyrocalcitonin - parathyrin antagonist (parathyroid hormone), ↓ level of calcium in the blood (calcium is deposited in the bones - ↑ mineralization).

  3. The structure of the thyroid glandcapsule (PNST) and off-trabeculae (RVNST) divide the gland into lobules. Parenchyma of the follicles and interfollicular islets.

  4. Follicle - the structural and functional unit of the thyroid gland. It is formed by two types of cells. Main - thyrocites and parafollicular C-cells. The cells lie on the basement membrane, and C-cells do not reach the apical lumen of the follicle. Inside the follicle - oxyphilic colloid is deposited from the thyroid hormones.

  5. parathyroid glandsfunctions:A. Hormone parathyrin - thyrocalcitonin antagonist, ↑ levels of calcium in the blood, destroying the mineral component of bone osteoclast activation and formation in the gut of vitamin D, which ↑ absorption of Ca.Two. Biogenic amines.Three. Calcitonin.

  6. The adrenal glands. functionsA. The synthesis of mineralocorticoids (aldosterone, etc.), regulating water-salt metabolism.Two. The synthesis of glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone, cortisol, etc.) - ↑ blood glucose due to the synthesis of fats and proteins, ↓ inflammatory and immune responses (treatment of autoimmune, allergic reactions, etc.).Stress → ACTH → ↑ ↑ glucocorticoids.

  7. 3. The synthesis of sex hormones, mainly androgens.4. Medulla synthesizes catecholamines - hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter, are produced during stress ("fight and flight software" - American physiologist Cannon.)

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