Sept. 8, 2010

1. Sept. 8, 2010 You need: • Clean paper / Pencil • Text options form • “You’re the Radiologist” worksheet Warm Up: List the four types of bone or joint injuries that we learned yesterday.

2. You’re the Radiologist! Diagnosing Bone & Joint Injuries

3. Your Task • Today, you will learn how doctor’s diagnose bone & joint injuries. • As you go through the powerpoint, follow along on your worksheet. • Fill in any missing notes. • Answer all questions. • Good Luck!

4. Diagnosing Bone & Joint Injuries Two ways that injuries are diagnosed are: • X-RAYS – images that show bones as clearly defined white areas. • Draw-backs - Soft tissues (muscles, organs) are not seen clearly. X-rays are radiation and can damage body cells. • MRI – (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) takes clear images of bones AND soft tissue. Does not damage body cells. • Draw-backs – Very expensive!

5. Who reads X-Rays and MRIs? • Radiology – is the medical field related to reading images of X-RAYS and MRIs. • Radiologists – the doctors who specialize in reading these images.

6. Common types of skeletal injuries • Fractures – A break in the bone. • Dislocation – A bone comes out of its joint. • Sprain – Ligaments are stretched too far and tear in places. (most common injury) • Arthritis – A disease of the joints that makes movement painful. (usually occurs later in life).

7. Bone Fractures • Fracture – A break in the bone. • Treatment - Wear a cast while the bone mends. • (Surgery may be done to attach the bone fragments together with pins/screws).

8. Dislocation • Dislocation – A bone comes out of its joint. • Treatment – Keep the joint stable. A doctor can put the bone back in the proper place. Dislocated finger OUCH!

9. Sprains • Sprain – Joint is twisted or bent too far. Ligaments are stretched and tear in places. (most common injury) • Treatment: Doctors recommend R.I.C.E. R = REST the injured joint as it heals. I = ICE to reduce swelling C = COMPRESS (wrap tightly) E = ELEVATE to reduce swelling

10. Arthritis • Arthritis – A disease of the joints that makes movement difficult and painful. Severe cases can destroy the joint. • Treatment: There is no cure. Pain can be treated with pain relievers, exercise, rest. • Surgery to replace a joint may help. Hip Replacement

11. You’re the Radiologist! • Look at the images on the following slides. • Try to diagnose the injury! • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type of injury? • What treatment do you recommend? (Use your textbook pg. 311 and this website: http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/xrays/index.html to identify the bones and injuries) • Answer all questions on your worksheet. (Try to answer 8 out of 15)

12. Case #1 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

13. Case #2 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

14. Case #3 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

15. Case #4 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

16. Case #5 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

17. Case #6 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

18. Case #7 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

19. Case #8 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

20. Case #9 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

21. Case #10 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

22. Case #11 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

23. Case #12 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

24. Case #13 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

25. Case #14 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

26. Case #15 • What bones/joints are shown? • Is there an injury? If yes, what type? • What treatment do you recommend?

27. Case #1 • Bones/joints? • Humerus, shoulder, elbow • Is there an injury? Type? • YES • FRACTURE • Treatment? • Cast (maybe surgery?)

28. Case #2 • Bones/joints? • Ribs, Clavicle, Humerus, Shoulder • Is there an injury? • NO • Treatment? • Not applicable

29. Case #3 • Bones/joints? • Pelvis, Femur, Hip • Is there an injury? • Type? • YES • DISLOCATION • Treatment? • Keep joint stable. See a Doctor!

30. Case #4 • Bones/joints? • Carpals, Metacarpals Phalanges, Wrist, Knuckles • Is there an injury? • NO • Treatment? • Not applicable

31. Case #5 • Bones/joints? • Cranium, Mandible Vertebrae • Is there an injury? • Type? • YES • NAIL IN HIS HEAD! • Treatment? • See a Doctor! Remove the Nail ASAP!

32. Case #6 • Bones/joints? • Tibia, Fibula, Tarsals (Ankle) • Is there an injury? Type? • YES • FRACTURE • Treatment? • Cast (maybe surgery?)

33. Case #7 • Bones/joints? • Phalanges, Metacarpals, Carpals, Knuckles • Is there an injury? Type? • YES • ARTHRITIS • Treatment? • Pain Relievers • Maybe Joint Replacement

34. Case #8 • Bones/joints? • Femur, Patella, Tibia, Fibula, Knee • Is there an injury? • NO • Treatment? • Not applicable

35. Case #9 • Bones/joints? • Ribs, Clavicle Humerus, Shoulder • Injury? Type? • YES • FRACTURE • Treatment? • Cast (maybe surgery?)