Chapter 22 Vocabulary

1. Chapter 22 Vocabulary

2. Bellringer: 3/19/2014 • What is an enlightened despot? • What who developed the vaccine? • Who pioneered the use of the scientific method in chemistry? • If you completed the homework from the other night, please put it in the tray.

3. Answers: 3/19/2014 • A ruler who supported Enlightenment ideas but did not give up power. • Edward Jenner • Robert Boyle

4. Agenda: 3/19/2014 • Bellringer • CNN Student News • Current Events #4-#6 (20 minutes) • Homework Review • Vocabulary Review-Vocabulary Quiz (Changed to Friday, March 21, 2014) • If time permits, Enlightenment projects • Closure-Study for vocabulary test

5. Chapter 22, Section 1 • Scientific Revolution: A major change in European thought, starting in the mid-1500s, in which the study of the natural world began to be characterized by careful observation and the questioning of accepted beliefs. • Geocentric theory-The theory that held that the earth was the center of the universe • Heliocentric theory-The theory that the sun was the center of the universe.

6. Chapter 22, Section 1 • Galileo Galilei-he built a telescope to view the stars and planets; the Church tried him for heresy for his scientific ideas • Scientific Method- a logical procedure for testing ideas; includes observation, hypothesis, testing, and conclusion • Isaac Newton-Englishscientist; author of Principia; established principles of motion and defined forces of gravity. 

7. Chapter 22, Section 2 • Enlightenment-An 18th Century intellectual movement that applied reason and the scientific method to laws to shape human action. • Social contract-According to Thomas Hobbes, an agreement people make with gov’t. • John Locke-Philosopher who believed people have three natural rights—life, liberty, and property. The purpose of gov’t is to protect these rights.

8. Chapter 22, Section 2 • Philosophes-French term for philosopher • Voltaire-The greatest philosopher of the Enlightenment who fought for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion and speech • Montesquieu-French philospher who wrote about separation of powers—dividing power among separate branches of government • Rousseau-French philosopher who wrote about human freedom (he desired a society where all people where equal).

9. Chapter 22, Section 2 • Mary Wollstonecraft-Authorwho wrote about women’s right.

10. Chapter 22, Section 3 • Salon-social gathering for discussing ideas of enjoying art • Baroque-Grand, ornate sytle • Neoclassical-Simple style that borrowed ideas form classical Greece and Rome • Enlightened despot-Ruler who supported Enlightenment ideas but did not give up power • Catherine the Great- Russian ruler who took steps to reform and modernize Russia.

11. Chapter 22, Section 4 • Declaration of Independence- Document declaring American independence from Britain • Thomas Jefferson- Author of the Declaration of Independence • Checks and balances-System in which each branch of government checks, or limits, the power of the other branches

12. Chapter 22, Section 4 • Federal system- System of government in which power is divided between the national and state government • Bill of Rights-First ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution