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Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior 3C

Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior 3C. Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences. Behavior Geneticists - study our differences and weigh the relative effects of heredity and environment. Nurture and Human Diversity. Environment:. Genes: Our Codes for Life.

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Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior 3C

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  1. Genetics, Evolutionary Psychology, and Behavior3C

  2. Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences Behavior Geneticists - study our differences and weigh the relative effects of heredity and environment.

  3. Nurture and Human Diversity Environment:

  4. Genes: Our Codes for Life DNA (deoxyribonucleic) – complex molecule containing the genetic info that makes up the chromosome. Chromosomes – threadlike structures made up of DNA molecules that contain genes • Any genetic basis for a trait are located in chromosomes • 23 from mother and 23 from father

  5. Genes: Our Codes for Life Genes - small segments of DNA that are the biochemical units of heredity. • Capable of synthesizing a protein • One or more genes are responsible for expression or repression of a particular trait

  6. Genome Genome - set of complete instructions for making an organism, containing all the genes in that organism. • human genome makes us human • the genome for drosophila makes it a common house fly.

  7. Twins Studies Identical twins raised separately Caution: any two strangers are likely to share coincidental similarities.

  8. IdenticalTwins and IQ • Bouchard Study • .69 Correlational coefficient for IQ tests of • .88

  9. IdenticalTwins and Personality Temperament - • Identical twins express similar temperaments, suggesting heredity predisposes temperament.

  10. Separated Twins and Personality • Identical Twins separated at birth – no extreme differences in personality • Differences between fraternal twins are greater than identical twins. Bob Sacha

  11. Adoption Studies and Personality • Adoptees - tend to be different from their adoptive parents and siblings. • Environment shared by a family’s children has relatively no impact on their personalities

  12. Personality • Big 5 Traits • Extroversion • Agreeableness • Conscientiousness • Neuroticism • Openness

  13. Twins Studies

  14. Parental Influence • Parents do influence: • Attitudes • Values • Manners • Faith • politics

  15. Heritability • Heritability refers to the extent to which the differences among people are attributable to genes • Heritability is numerical value with a range from • For human behavior, almost all estimates of heritability are in the moderate range of .30 to .60. • Applies to populations not individuals Two boys raised in a barrel with identical environmental conditions would have a heritability of ______?

  16. Heritability and Big 5 • Big 5 Traits Heritability • Extroversion • Agreeableness • Conscientiousness • Neuroticism • Openness

  17. Gene-Environment Interaction Genes and environment affect our traits individually, but more important are their interactive effects. Alessia Pierdomenico/Reuters/Corbis Rex Features People respond differently to Rowan Atkinson (Mr. Bean) than Orlando bloom.

  18. The New Frontier: Molecular Genetics Molecular genetics is a branch extension of behavior genetics that asks the question, “Do genes influence behavior?” It seeks to identify the specific genes influencing behavior

  19. Evolutionary Psychology Evolutionary psychology - studies the evolution of behavior and mind using principles of natural selection. .

  20. Natural Selection Natural selection - evolutionary process through which adaptive traits are passed on to ongoing generations because these traits help animals survive and reproduce.

  21. Artificial Selection Biologists like Belyaev and Trut (1999) were able to artificially rear and domesticate wild foxes, selecting them for friendly traits. L.N. Trur, American Scientist (1999) 87: 160-169 Any trait that is favored naturally or artificially spreads to future generations.

  22. Human Sexuality Gender Differences in Sexuality

  23. Mating Preferences Females Males

  24. Criticisms of Evolutionary Psych • Works backwards to propose and explanation • Underestimates cultural expectations on human sexual behavior • Unethical and immoral men could use explanations to rationalize behavior toward women • Does not consider the importance of individual choices

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