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Logical Fallacies- (or where our logic falls apart)

Logical Fallacies- (or where our logic falls apart). By Tesslyn Mustain 8 th Grade RELA Timberwood Middle School. Definition: False ideas or beliefs that are based on unsound arguments . Used to: Sway opinions Gain Support Degrade (like in a political campaign)

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Logical Fallacies- (or where our logic falls apart)

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  1. Logical Fallacies-(or where our logic falls apart) By Tesslyn Mustain 8th Grade RELA Timberwood Middle School

  2. Definition: False ideas or beliefs that are based on unsound arguments. Used to: Sway opinions Gain Support Degrade (like in a political campaign) An example of fallacies are the stories told by people who assume they are true, just because most people believe the stories to be true.

  3. Loaded Language/Appeal to Emotions DEFINITION: Using words or phrases, that are intended to inspire emotion in the reader or listener. PROBLEM: Derails an argument by getting the reader focused on emotion instead of facts. EXAMPLES: The first term is an example of using loaded language: Bureaucrat vs. public servant Pro-death vs. pro-choice Regime vs. government Elitist vs. expert Put up with vs. tolerate At a loss vs. bewilder

  4. Oversimplifying/Exaggerations DEFINITION: To simplify to the point of distortion, or to ignore essential details. PROBLEM: It is factually incorrect- or weak on facts; therfore the whole argument is weakened. EXAMPLE: “People end up in jail because they are lazy or have weak morals.” This ignores the social influences, mental illness, and many other factors.

  5. Slippery Slope DEFINITION: If we allow A to happen, then Z will eventually happen too; therefore, A should not happen. PROBLEM: it avoids engaging with the issue at hand, and instead shifts attention to extreme hypotheticals. No real proof is presented. EXAMPLE: Colin Closet says that if we allow same-sex couples to marry, then the next thing we know we'll be allowing people to marry their parents, their cars and even monkeys.

  6. Ad Hominem DEFINITION:You attacked your opponent's character or personal traits in an attempt to undermine their argument. PROBLEM: They attack somebody, or cast doubt on their character as a way to discredit their argument. EXAMPLE: After Sally presents a solid case for a more fair tax system, Sam asks the audience whether we should believe anything from a woman who isn't married, was once arrested, and smells a bit weird.

  7. Black or White DEFINITION:You presented two alternatives as the only possibilities, when in fact more possibilities exist. PROBLEM: This tactic looks like it’s making a logical argument, but instead there really are more possibilities than the either/or choice that is presented. It is misleading to the reader or listener. EXAMPLE: While rallying support for his plan to undermine citizens' rights, the Supreme Leader told the people they were either “for me or against me”.

  8. For more fallacies… Visit this website: https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/

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