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Working with Linux. Lab 1. Login and logout. Account username & password Note : Linux is case-sensitive Administrator: username = root Logout: exit, Ctrl+D. (D). (C). WINDOWS. Program Files. Data. Music. …. OS. Fonts. System32. …. …. Linux File System. (/). home. boot.
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Working with Linux Lab 1
Login and logout • Account • username & password • Note: • Linux is case-sensitive • Administrator: username = root • Logout: exit, Ctrl+D
(D) (C) WINDOWS Program Files Data Music …. OS Fonts System32 …. …. Linux File System (/) home boot etc root khoa student1 …. …. Linux File System Windows File System
Directory/file commands • List contents of directory : ls [-a] [-l] [directory_name] • Print working directory: pwd • Change working directory : cd directory_name E.g. cd /home • Create new directory : mkdir directory_name • Remove a directory: rm -r directory_name • Some special symbols : ~ : home directory .. : parent directory
Directory/file commands • Display file content : cat filename or more filename head filename or tail filename • Copy file(s) or directory: cp [-r] source_file destination_file • Remove file or directory rm –r file_name • Move (rename) file(s)/directory mv old_path new_path
File system and permissions • Each user may owns one or more directories/files • Each user has different access rights in different directories/files • users can share their data together • users also can protect their private data
File system and permissions • Access right on directory/file • read (r) • write (w) • execute (x) • Each directory/file has 9 access-right bits, divide into 3 groups as follow : • owner • group (e.g. people the same project team) • others (people in public domain)
Changing access rights (1) • Symbolic chmod whoopmode [-R] file(s) • Who: u : owner g : group o : others a : all • Mode: r : read w : write x : execute • Op + : grant more rights - : revoke rights = : reset rights
Changing access rights (2) • Example $ touch temp $ ls –l temp -rw-r--r-- 1 user1 staff 0 Jun 11 11:44 temp $ chmod o-r temp $ ls -l temp -rw-r----- 1 user1 staff 0 Jun 11 11:44 temp $ chmod u+x, o+r temp $ ls -l temp -rwxr--r-- 1 user1 staff 0 Jun 11 11:44 temp
Changing access rights (3) • Numeric: chmod xyz [-R] file(s) read = 4 write = 2 execute = 1
Changing access rights (4) • Example: some common access rights of directory/file(s)
Changing access rights (5) • Example $ touch abc $ ls –l abc -rw-r--r-- 1 user1 staff 0 Jun 11 11:44 abc $ chmod 555 abc $ ls -l abc -r-xr-xr-x 1 user1 staff 0 Jun 11 11:44 abc $ chmod 775 abc $ ls -l abc -rwxrwxr-x 1 user1 staff 0 Jun 11 11:44 abc
Advanced utilities (1) • Who is who? who [option] • Print current host name hostname • Where do they come from? which [filename] • How much disk usage? df [option] • Clear screen clear OR Ctrl + L
Advanced utilities (2) • Find a specified file : find path –name filename • Find lines in file matching a pattern grep patternfile_name • Mount and unmount file system mount -t filesystemdevice_filemount_point umount mount_point
vi editor • Interactive simple editor • Can not use mouse • Text editing on a buffer • Appears on most Unix or Unix-like system
