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Exploring the Dark Universe: Cosmological Structure and Gravitational Microlensing

Dive into the mysteries of dark matter and energy, cosmological structure formation, and gravitational microlensing. Learn from academic lectures by leading experts in cosmology and explore the origins of structure in the universe.

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Exploring the Dark Universe: Cosmological Structure and Gravitational Microlensing

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  1. Cosmology and the origin of structure Academic Training Lectures Rocky Kolb Fermilab, University of Chicago, & CERN Rocky I: The universe observed Rocky II: The growth of cosmological structure Rocky III: Inflation and the origin of perturbations Rocky IV: Dark matter and dark energy

  2. Seeds of structure time origin of small initial perturbations nature of the damn little black dots

  3. Missing Pieces Dark Matter

  4. NGC253 in Sculptor

  5. R v R

  6. v (km/s) observed 100 expected from luminous disk 50 5 10 R (kpc) M33 rotation curve

  7. Rotation curves CO – central regions Optical – disks HI – outer disk & halo Sofue & Rubin

  8. Tony Tyson, Lucent

  9. The evolved spectrum

  10. gravitational microlensing Most of the universe is ! dark • Modified Newtonian dynamics • Planets • Mass disadvantaged stars • brownred white • Black holes

  11. Large Magellanic Cloud 150,000 light years distant 100 million stars

  12. brown dwarf LMC observer

  13. Microlensing black-hole candidates Bennett et al. (also Mao et al.)

  14. Stellar-Mass Black Holes In the Solar Neighborhood (with Jim Chisholm & Scott Dodelson) Holes in the ‘hood

  15. Model spectral energy distributions: spectral energy distribution (contribution per decade) RASS SDSS

  16. Sloan: a 2.5m telescope & instruments to • image the sky to 23rd mag in 5 colors ( objects) • take the spectra of objects (mostly extragalactic) New Mexico State Japan Germany

  17. SDSS 2.5 m telescope data acquisition system

  18. SDSS camera

  19. Color-color space stars in color-color space

  20. Color-color cut + RASS detection SDSS Early Data Release = 3.7 million objects SDSS color cut = 150,000

  21. RASS ROSAT All-Sky Survey ROSAT Rontgen Satellite X-Ray Observatory Germany/US/UK 1990-1999 ..

  22. ROSAT effective area

  23. Color-color cut + RASS detection SDSS Early Data Release = 3.7 million objects SDSS color cut = 150,000 SDSS + RASS = 47 47 is a manageable number (can examine each individually) 7 targeted for spectroscopy by SDSS (5 stars + 2 QSOs) Can define measure of how far from stellar locus in 4 color-color spaces

  24. gravitational microlensing Most of the universe is ! dark • Modified Newtonian dynamics • Planets • Mass disadvantaged stars • brownred white • Black holes • The weight of space

  25. gravitational microlensing Most of the universe is ! dark • Modified Newtonian dynamics • Planets • Mass disadvantaged stars • brownred white • Black holes • The weight of space • Fossil remnant of the big bang

  26. Neutrinos? Neutrinos? • Neutrinos are known to exist • three active + sterile? • Neutrinos are known to exist • Neutrinos are strongly suspected to have mass • Massive neutrinos contribute to the mass density

  27. The evolved spectrum

  28. actual equilibrium (independent of mass) Cold thermal relics freeze out Relative abundance MX /T

  29. X q q q q X X X Cold thermal relics Goodman & Witten

  30. http://dmtools.berkeley.edu (Gaitskell/Mandic) DAMA CDMS Edelweiss models

  31. CMSSM Ellis, Olive, Santoso

  32. Ellis, Olive, Santoso

  33. Ellis, Olive, Santoso

  34. Thermal WIMP: interaction & mass limit Thermal WIMP: Interaction strength determined Mass undetermined (but < 200 TeV)

  35. Nonthermal relics at freezeout Freeze out equilibrium Relative abundance nX /s actual MX /T

  36. density perturbations from inflation gravitational waves from inflation • Expanding universe particle creation • (Arnowit, Birrell, Bunch, Davies, Deser, Ford, Fulling, Grib, Hu, Kofman, Mostepanenko, Page, Parker, Starobinski, Unruh, Vilenkin, Wald, Zel’dovich,…) • first • application: • (Guth & Pi; Starobinski; Bardeen, Steinhardt, & Turner; Hawking; Rubakov; • Fabbi & Pollack; Allen) • new application: dark matter • (Chung, Kolb, & Riotto; Kuzmin & Tkachev) • require (super)massive particle “X” • stable (or at least long lived) • initial inflationary era followed byradiation/matter

  37. WIMPZILLA production Chung, Kolb, Riotto (also Kuzmin & Tkachev) chaotic inflation

  38. WIMPZILLA production Chung, Kolb, Riotto (also Kuzmin & Tkachev) chaotic inflation

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