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一般进行时与现在进行时

一般进行时与现在进行时. 一般进行时：表示经常发生的事情（这些动作可能每天、每时或经常发生。） 现在进行时：表示现阶段或说话此刻正在发生的事情。 一般现在时 (1) I cook for my family. (2) I usually start work at 9 o’clock. 现在进行时 (1) He’s cooking. (2) I’m working now. 英语中有些动词通常只用于一般时态而不用进行时态，这些动词表示相对静止的物质、心理及情感状态，被称为状态动词。我们学过的状态动词有

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一般进行时与现在进行时

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  1. 一般进行时与现在进行时 • 一般进行时：表示经常发生的事情（这些动作可能每天、每时或经常发生。） • 现在进行时：表示现阶段或说话此刻正在发生的事情。 • 一般现在时 (1) I cook for my family. (2) I usually start work at 9 o’clock. • 现在进行时 (1) He’s cooking. (2) I’m working now.

  2. 英语中有些动词通常只用于一般时态而不用进行时态，这些动词表示相对静止的物质、心理及情感状态，被称为状态动词。我们学过的状态动词有英语中有些动词通常只用于一般时态而不用进行时态，这些动词表示相对静止的物质、心理及情感状态，被称为状态动词。我们学过的状态动词有 • To be He is English. • To have/to have got I have two brothers. • To like I like Tv. • To love I love coffee. • To hate I hate my job. • To think I think it’s cheap.

  3. 情态动词 • May 也许，可以，可能 • Might 可以，可能 • Can 可以，可能，能够 • Should 应该 • Need 需要 • Must 必须，一定 一，can和could; may和might • can和could a)它们的否定式can not (can’t); could not(couldn’t)

  4. b) 用法 A:表示能力中可能性： 1.We can certainly build China into a pwerful modern country. 表能力 2.Anybody can make mistakes.(表可能，只用于现在时与过去时的肯定句中。） B: 表示许可 • You can borrow some books from the library. • He could have money whenever he wanted to . 2) may和might

  5. 否定式 May not (mayn’t) might not (mightn’t) A: 表示许可时，用于第一人称，指我（我们）被允许做某事；用于其它人称，意指说话人允许“主语”做某事： • We may leave the hall as soon as the meeting is over. • You may keep the books for ten days. B:在用于请求许可时 may 常可与 can/could换用. Can/Could/May I use your pen? 简略回答

  6. Yes, you can/may. 或 Yes, please. No, you mustn’t. 或 Please,don’t. No, you may not. 注意：不可用 could C.表示可能性时，可用 may/might +动词原形，指现在或将来可能发生动作情况。 May+V. 表示现在的推断，可能性大 Might+V.表示现在的推断，可能性小 He may/might know where the headmaster lives. The manager may /might tell him about it this afternoon. 二.must 和have to

  7. 1.表示“必须” must 表示说话人主观看法；have to 表示客观要求“不得不” I don’t like to stay here any longer; I must leave now, it’s too late; I have to leave now. 2.常用 have to 表示现在，过去和将来“必须”做某事。 When I was young, I had to make money to support my family. 3.have to 疑问 do + 主语+have to…? have to 否定式 do not (don’t)+ have to … Do you have to go now? He don’t have to be in such a hurry.

  8. 三. need 表示需要，必需 常用于否定句或疑问句中。 He needn’t pay for it. Need you go now? Yes, I must. No, I needn’t. 四.shall和should 1.shall用于第一人称表示征求对方意愿 What shall we do this evening? 2.shall用于第一、三人称疑问句中表示说话人征求对方意见或向对方请示 Shall we begin our lesson? 3.shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允许或威胁

  9. You shall fail if you don’t work harder.警告 He shall have the book when I finish reading .允许 He shall be punished .威胁 4.should 表示劝告、建议、命令，同义词ought to 疑问句中常用should代替ought to You should go to class right away. Should I open the window? 5.should+have+过去分词 表示该做而实际上没做。 You should have started earlier. 五.will和 would

  10. 1.请求，建议 would 比will 委婉 客气 Would you pass me the book? 2.意志、愿望、决心 I will never do that again. 3.用“will be”和 “will+have+过去分词”表示推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作、事态的推测。 This will be the book you want. He will have arrived by now. 4.would 可以表示料想或猜想。 It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there ? I thought be would have told you all about it.

  11. 祈使句 一祈使句表示请求、命令等。它的主语是听话人，一般不需要说出来。谓语动词一律用动词原形，句末用惊叹号或问号，句子用降调。 Open the window,please. Be careful! 但有时祈使句也说出主语来（加强语气） You leave everything to us. 二否定式和强调式 否定式：在肯定式谓语动词前加do not.

  12. Don’t be so sure. Please don’t forget to take your medicine. 强调式：在肯定式的谓语前加do. Do be on time. Do listen to your teachers! 三用let作谓语动词 Let me see. Please let him in. Let’s 是 Let us 简略形式 Let’s肯定包括听话人在内 Let us既可以包括听话人也可以不包括，所以不包括听话人时，一定用Let us.

  13. Let us help you with your English. Let ‘s do 否定式 let’s not do Let’s not have a rest. 四不包含动词的祈使句 Silence!安静 No parking !禁停 Quick !快

  14. 名词的数 一、可数名词：指所表示的人或事物可以用数来计算，有单、复数两种形式。单数用原形，复数有词形变化。决大多数名词复数由在单数名词后加 -s或-es构成现将一般构成复数方法及读音规则列表如下

  15. 注意： 1，下列名词加--s后,读音变化 mouth-mouths truth-truths 2,少数--o结尾后,直接加—es hero-heroes tomato-tomatoes negro-negroes potato-potatoes 3,有些以-f结尾的名词变复数后面直接加-s roof-roofs 屋顶 staff-staffs 支柱 cliff-cliffs 悬崖 serf-serfs 奴隶 belief-beliefs 信仰 chief-chiefs 头领 下列名词，复数形式不规则

  16. 1）变内部元音字母 man-men woman-women mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese 2）词尾加-en child-children 孩子 ox-oxen 公牛 3）单复数同形 sheep fish deer people Chinese Japanese Swiss瑞士人

  17. 不可数名词 不可数名词：指所表示事物不能用数计算。 抽象名词和物质名词一般都是不可数名词。 不可数名词没有词形变化，需要计量时， 要加表示量的单位的词。 a glass of water a bag of rice a cup of tea a piece of paper a bottle of ink a drop of milk 注意：英语名词的可数与不可数是一个语 法概念，与实际生活中某件事物可数与不 可数并不完全一致，因而不能单从意义上 加以推断。

  18. cake-cakes饼干（可数） bread面包（不可数） 可数名词与不可数名词有时可以转化 Soon a wind (可数)began to blow. 不久刮起一阵风。 Wind (不可数)is air in motion. 风是运动中的空气。

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