Homework

1. Homework Page 113-116

2. 1. They can save money on postage and on travel and communication costs (e.g. video conferencing). Their marketing and advertising costs can be lower as they can reach wider audiences with the same content etc. 2. Digital communications depends on most people having affordable Internet access. Expensive equipment (e.g. a smartphone versus a normal cellphone) is required.Greaterskills are needed, etc. 3. Generally the sender and the receiver need to be using the same or compatible applications. For example, to use Skype, both people need to have Skype installed. Some applications will only run particular hardware platforms. 4. Make sure that you check what their local time is before trying to call them. Keep differences in bandwidth (cost, speed and cap) in mind. 5. Video conferencing requires lots of bandwidth and will quickly reduce your available cap.

3. 6. Digital communications are largely impersonal and faceless, except for video conferencing so one does not always hear the tone of voice or see the person’s expression and so communication can easily be misinterpreted. This is why one often puts an emoticon such as :) in a text message to indicate that we are saying something as a joke or light-heartedly. 7. If anybody (who you know) needs your number they can anyways contact (inbox) you. While you can limit access to your profile, one needs to take note of the fact that the Internet is a very public place and you should try and avoid giving out or posting personal details. 8. The Calendar option allows you to set reminders about events, birthdays or appointments.Youcan synchronise these with your mobile phone, which allows you to access your schedule wherever you are. The calendars can be shared amongst groups and reminders can be sent to all people attending an event or a meeting, etc. 9. Contacts can be organised into groups (distribution lists) so that you are able to send the same message to the group without having to add all the addresses individually each time. 10. She can use the archive function of her e-mail program which lets you tidy up your inbox by moving messages from your inbox to an archive folder without deleting them.

4. 11. As more and more users start to make use of social networking, it becomes easier for companies to communicate with their clients.Itis easier and cheaper to advertise their market products or services to a wider audience.Theycan get quick feedback from customers, etc. 12. Internet Explorer and Yahoo! 13. After you complete their sign up form on the Facebook website, they will send an e-mail to the address you provided. This is done to try and eliminate the possibility of someone else setting up an account in your name and to send a confirmation link to complete the sign up process. It is also used to send you your log-in details in the event that you forget them. 14. Privacy settings allow you to specify or limit who can view your information, including photos and posts and to set who can post to your wall.

5. 15. a) Blogs are websites that are updated often with news and events in chronological or sequential order. A blog reads like a journal with the most recent entry at the top. b) A video blog (vlog) is a form of blog which uses video as the medium. Entries on the vlognormally combine video supported by text and images. c) Citizen journalism refers to situations where ordinary citizens (not professional journalists) create and run blogs that carries news that they have written with links to articles that they think their audience will be interested in. d) They are similar to citizen journalism blogs except that they are run by an organisation and have multiple authors. They tend to specialise in specific topics e.g. a blog about rugby or photography or celebrity gossip. e) Corporate information blog sites allow a business to communicate with its customers –keeping them informed of, amongst other things, trends in the industry, developments in the business and new products or updates to existing products. f) People who earn their living as ‘bloggers’ do so by getting income from advertising or sponsorships. The amount of money that they earn depends on how many people view their site or click on the adverts on their site. g) A blog provider or host is a website that allows you to create an account, set up your blog and host your blog. Options include SharePoint Blog, WordPress, Blogger and TypePad. h) If you have created an account with a blog provider that supports Word, you can create your blog post by sending a Word document to the blogging site. The first time you post to your blog, you will be required register the blog account linking Word to the blog provider.

6. 16. a) RSS (Really Simple Syndication) is a web or news feed that automatically provides users with updated content or notifications of new content. This content can then be accessed from a central application. b) There are so many websites to join or to get information from that it often becomes difficult to keep track of all the information. RSS feeds check each and every one of the websites saving you the time it takes time to log onto each website separately. c) New blog entries on blogs you subscribe to. To new content that has been found as a result of pre-set Google searches. New video clips on YouTube channels that you have subscribed to. New music on iTunes. Whenever your name or your company’s name pops up in web searches. Items that you are interested in on online auction sites such as eBay

7. 17. a) A podcast is an audio file (often in an MP3 format) that is made available from the Internet which you can then listen to on a portable media player. b) No, all the parents would need is the link to the podcast on the Internet or it could, for example, be placed on the school’s website. c) Saves on paper (and therefore money). Parents might prefer the convenience that they can download and listen to it in their own time, say on their way to work. It is an advantage for parents who are visually impaired, etc. d) A video podcast (vodcast) includes video clips or photos. You listen to a podcast and view a vodcast. e) Podcasts can also be used  to download radio shows  for educational purposes to provide tutorials, lectures or lessons to students.  for tourists and visitors in places of interest such as museums (e.g. you can listen to the podcast as you move around the museum)  to listen to the reading of a book

8. 18. a) A wiki is a website that allows for the collaborative editing and creating of the content of web pages. Anyone can contribute to it and the final published article does not belong to any one individual. The quality or accuracy of the information is therefore not guaranteed. b) Four other typical applications of wikis besides creating reference sites:  creating company intranets  creating community websites  making checklists and lists of things to do in large projects with a number of people working on them  creating educational resources such as glossaries for subjects, study notes and FAQ (frequently asked question) guides etc. 19. Yahoo!, Adobe Reader and Outlook 20. In all web browsers, you can set a default web page, known as the home page that opens when you load the web browser. 21. a) The Favorites or Bookmarks option allows a user to store shortcuts to web pages. b) The History option allows you to find the web pages you have previously visited. When you click the History option, it shows a list of sites you have previously visited.

9. 22. a) A pop-up is a small web browser window that appears on top of the web page that you are viewing. b) Pop-ups that are created by advertisers and scams that claim you have won a prize etc. c) Some websites, such as banking sites, use pop-ups and therefore blocking all pop-ups might interfere with these features. You can add specific websites to a list of ‘exceptions’ (websites) where pop-ups are allowed to make provision for these features. 23. Phishing websites. Websites that use adware as well as pop-ups to attack your computer. Websites with content such as gambling and pornography. 24. Web browsers temporarily store web documents such as HTML pages and images on disk. This processing is known as caching. The web page loads quicker as it is loaded from your hard drive and not from the Web. 25. He may be viewing an older, cached web page on disk on his laptop. The Refresh button may have to be clicked to display the latest information. Alternatively clearing the browser cache frees up disk space and forces the web browser to display the latest version of the web page

10. 26. a) A plug-in is a small applications that act as an add-on to a web browser so it can display additional specialised content it was not originally designed to display. They are needed when you want to open pages with content such as videos, sound or even documents directly in the browser (i.e. when you don’t want to have to download the file and open it in another program). b) These are all multimedia plug-ins which enable users to listen to music and view animations, videos and other multimedia media effects in a web browser. c) While these plug-ins have similar functions, different plug-ins are needed because different companies use their own formats for their content. Each one of these formats will need its own plug-in to allow a browser to access the multimedia content and you will need to install the plug-ins for all the different formats. d) It allows developers to place a version of the Google Earth program on their web pages. This allows 3D-mapping of sites on the globe to be viewed (e.g. an aerial view of your business or school). e) Java f) It refers to software programs that are typically used on a mobile device such as a smartphone. 27. Devices with shorter battery life and increased connectivity costs.