Virtualization: Technology and Business Drivers

1. Virtualization: Technology and Business Drivers Minder Chen George Mason University mchen@gmu.edu

2. Impacts of Virtualization • Virtualization will be the biggest driver for IT infrastructure and operations spending over the next several years. • Virtualization is the "highest-impact trend" for IT through 2012 that will determine how IT administrators manage, buy, deploy and plan their future strategies. • Gartner

3. Virtualization: a proven IT approach that pools and shares resources to reduce costs, optimize utilization, and create an infrastructure where supply automatically meets demand

4. IT Infrastructure Today: Complexity Abounds Event correlation and analysis Project/port mgmt. Service desk Job scheduling Asset mgmt. J2EE Distribution output DBMS E-mail/ messaging Metadata IT Operations Management Systems Middleware & Infrastructure Software/Services Communications and Networking Storage Systems Computing/Servers End-user Devices Disk arrays SANs Storage services Storage restore mgmt. Backup/recovery Security LAN/WAN Telephony Contact center Unified comm. Wireless Notebook PCs Desktop PCs PDAs Phone handsets Cellphones Applications Database High-performance computing Infrastructure Web Antivirus Firewalls Extranet Single sign-on Security services

5. Key IT Obstacles Complexity Efficiency 70% 60% 50% # components 40% 30% 20% 10% 2007 1990 1997 0% 1980 1990 2007 Numbers of components which need to be procured, provisioned, managed, secured, etc. Server utilization rates* Pressures Resources Less able to add new functionality or improve IT service levels Comply with security and regulatory requirements Do more with less What’s Increasing What’s Decreasing *Source: IBM Scorpion, VMware Source: VMWare, 2007

6. IT Under Pressure Underutilized Hardware Resources Too Many Assets To Manage Average utilization of servers <15% Source: Gartner 560,000 alerts per week Intel IT receives Source: Intel IT Increasing Total Cost Of Ownership Barriers To Expansion 79% of IT budget to keep the business running Source: Gartner 2004 $3000/srvr 4-year electricity cost grows at 20% / year

7. Data Center Efficiency Source: Dell, Inc., 2008

8. State of Infrastructure Today

9. Without Virtualization • All require same power • All emit same heat • All require physical space • Setup, (re-)configuration • Maintenance, support…

10. With Virtualization Flexibility Rapid provisioning Disaster Recovery High Availability Automation Systems Management integration Adaptive Datacenter

11. State of Vertualization • Server virtualization is now considered a mainstream technology among IT buyers • IT professionals are very bullish on future use • 22% servers virtualized today with 45% in 12 months • Core infrastructure and data center strategies are being turned upside down! • Virtualization product expectations are climbing quickly ... but satisfaction is very high! • Virtualization impacts more than servers • Storage, networks, clients, management, security, etc.

12. Virtualization Server virtualization Desktop virtualization Infrastructure virtualization Application virtualization

13. Virtual Machine Monitors (VMMs) • VMM is a layer of system software • Enables multiple VMs to share platform hardware • Allows Apps to run without modifications VM0 VM1 VMn App0 App1 Appn ... Virtual Machines (VMs) Guest OS0 Guest OS1 Guest OSn Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) Platform HW Memory Processor/CS I/O Devices

14. Virtualization Usage Models Legacy SW Support Training/QA Activity Partitioning Manageability … Server Consolidation Failover infrastructure Flexible Datacenter Manageability … Isolation Migration Embedding Isolation Migration Embedding Consolidation Consolidation CLIENT Isolation Consolidation Migration SERVER Migration Virtualization has a broad range of usages

17. Impacts of Virtualization • Through 2012, virtualization will be the highest-impact trend in infrastructure and operations: • Plan: Silos to holistic • Own: Enabling alternative delivery models • Buy: Synchronous projects to asynchronous capacity • Spending: Reducing wasted hardware, space and power expense • Hardware: Over time, a shift to larger servers • Deploy: Weeks/months to days/minutes • Planned Downtime: Off-hours to active hours • Unplanned Downtime: Faster recovery, and cheaper disaster preparedness • Resource Management: Independently to pooled • Automation: Enabling automation across a large pool of devices • Application Deployment: Introducing virtual software appliances • Measure and Charge: Physical device counts to usage metrics • Think: Dedicated devices to shared

18. Gartner Infrastructure Maturity Model

19. Virtualization: Internal Storage has been virtualized and server compute power can be allocated in granular percentages. Server compute requirements by application can be scaled dynamically. Applications can be moved between servers. Storage and server capacity is managed holistically, and excess is pooled. Capacity planning is mature and centralized. Inhibitors: Need for software pricing to become more usage-based; the need for software licensing to become less tied to specific hardware; political and ownership issues of assets; and the immaturity of technologies to enable virtualization

20. IT Infrastructure Maturity Model - how far have you got? • Gartner´s Infrastructure Maturity Model identifies 6 development stages • The model helps you to self-evaluate and build a strategic plan to reduce infrastructure costs, increase agility, improve service-level management and staffing development • It is independent of specific vendors and products • Modify it according your own goals! • Three important concepts: Consolidation, Virtualization and Real-Time Infrastructure

21. Virtualization: External IT offers a dynamic resource utilization chargeback mechanism for server, storage and network use. SLAs are flexible and can be changed (cost and service provided) within a day or so.

22. Business Need Examples Capex reduction, labor cost reduction, increased asset utilization IT cost reduction Data Centers Interprocess, inter-BU, inter-entity business integration Business & IT integration Networking Business & IT integrity Better availability, security, disaster recovery Middleware Branch Office Systems End-User Devices Business & IT agility Ability to handle peaks, scale, report events Security Systems Mainframes Servers Service quality Ability to deliver SLAs based on business metrics Storage IT Ops Mgmt Systems IT Infrastructure Consolidation Overview Consolidation Opportunities Business Value

23. Virtualization ResourceUser Layer of Abstraction(Virtualization) Real Resources Management Storage Network Server Terminal Services Virtual Machines GuestEnv. 1 GuestEnv. 2 App A Virtual Machine Mgr App B Server UserEnvironment Hardware Hardware UserEnvironment Virtualizing Environments Virtualizing Individual Applications IT Virtualization The pooling of resources in a way that masks the physical nature and boundaries of those resources from the resource users.

24. Evolving Value Proposition Usage Oriented Computing “One Size Fits All” Computing Price x Capability / Watt Platforms Holistic approach through coordinated technology Price / Performance Mainframe Standard Microprocessor (MHz) Performance Custom Technology 80’s – 90’s 00’s + 60’s – 70’s User value From mainframes to mainstream

25. Evolution of Virtualization Source: http://www.parallels.com/en/nextgen/

26. Return on Investment Economic: Hardware capacity reduced to pragmatic minimum; virtual deployment time reduces labor cost. Quality: Chargeback can be based on actual usage; workloads can be reallocated easily to avoid downtime. Agility: SLAs can be flexible; resource usage can be changed quickly.

27. Short-Term Business Needs Medium-Term Business Needs Reduce overall infrastructure cost by 10% to 15% during the next 2 years Reduce infrastructure cost to 40% of overall IT budget in next 5 years Integrate database structure for three business units, to facilitate an integrated procurement process Integrate IT silos across 20 business units, to facilitate application-layer integration, in order to unlock business synergies Improve availability of systems, and reduce security threats of local servers in 100 locations Create high-availability services with sufficient security to protect brand reputation as IT becomes more mission-critical Cost efficiently serve peak traffic up to 10 times normal daily traffic at month end Efficiently scale to integrate transaction volume from acquisitions, up to 10 times current volume Create guaranteed services levels, and meet them Need to create and meet business metric-based, service-level agreements Identify Business Needs for IT Infrastructure Consolidation Examples Area Cost Integration Integrity Agility Service Quality

28. Top 5 Reasons to Adopt Virtualization Software Source: http://www.vmware.com/overview/why.html • Server Consolidation and Infrastructure Optimization. • Physical Infrastructure Cost Reduction. • Improved Operational Flexibility & Responsiveness. • Increased Application Availability & Improved Business Continuity. • Improved Desktop Manageability & Security.

29. Addressing IT Concerns Non-virtualized Virtualized VM5 VM4 VM3 VM2 VM1 VMM HW HW App App App App App App Memory Processors Graphics Network Storage KY/MS OS OS OS OS OS OS Memory Processors Graphics Network Storage KY/MS Virtualization a proven solution Single OS owns all HW resources Multiple OSes share HW resources Virtualization increases IT’s flexibility by doing more with less

30. Today’s Uses VM1 VM1 VMn VMn … … VMM HWn HW0 App App App App App App HW OS OS OS OS OS OS Virtualization addresses today’s IT concerns Server Consolidation Test and Development VM1 VMM HW 10:1 in many cases Enables rapid deployment Virtualization increases server utilization, simplifies legacy software migration

31. Emerging Usage Models Balancing utilization with head room VM1 VM2b VMn VM2a VMn … … VMM HW CPU Usage CPU Usage CPU Usage CPU Usage 30% App App App App App 4 App 2 App 1 App 3 90% 63% 62% OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS True “Lights Out” Datacenter Dynamic Load Balancing Disaster Recovery VM1b VM1 VM1a VMM VMM VMM HW HW HW Upholding high-levels of business continuity Intel Virtualization Technology will play an integral role on the next generation of VMMs

32. Software only virtualization VM1 VMn App App OS OS Virtual Machine Monitor Shared Physical Hardware Memory Graphics Processors Network Storage KY/MS Software-Only System Virtualization Today Requires Frequent VMM Software Intervention Software-only virtualization solutions work, but there are still limitations What It Does … Emulates a complete hardware environment for every Virtual Machine Isolates execution in each virtual machine Allocates platform resources Virtualization Challenges …. Binary Translation Paravirtualization I/O Device Emulation Interrupt Virtualization DMA Remapping Page Table Shadowing

33. Virtual Machine Virtualization V i r t u a l Applications Applications Applications Guest OS(Windows XP) Guest OS(Windows 2003) Guest OS(Linux) Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Virtual Machine P h y s i c a l Virtual Machine Manager Host Operating System System Hardware

34. VMWare Server

35. Virtual Machine Guest Environment

36. The Next Virtualization Milestones

37. VMWare Server and VMWare Infrastructure

38. Hypervisor Overview V i r t u a l Applications Applications Applications Guest OS(Windows 2000) Guest OS(Linux) Guest OS(Windows 2003) Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Virtual Machine P h y s i c a l Virtual Machine Manager (ESX Server) System Hardware

39. VMware ESX Server 3.0 • Leader in the enterprise virtualization products • Bare metal installation • No host OS • Best performance

40. VMware ESX Server 3.0 • Features • CPU virtualization – 4-way Virtual SMP • Direct SAN LUN mapping, boot from SAN • Up to 16GB RAM per VM • Can import MS VM Images • Can cluster VMs across physical hosts • Centralized management using VirtualCenter • Not free: • $1000 Standard Edition • $5750 Enterprise Edition

41. VMware ESX Server 3.0 • Limitations • Unfamiliar management for Windows administrators • No official support for MSCS host • No USB support in the guests

42. VMware ESX Server 3.0 • Supported 32-bit Guests

43. Hosted vs. Hypervisor

44. Virtual Machine Types and Uses • Desktop Products • Development • Testing • Training • Server Products • Server consolidation • Disaster Recovery • High Availability • Testing and deployment

45. Desktop Virtualization vs. Server Virtualization

46. Virtual Hosted Desktop Architecture

47. Desktop Virtualization Desktop Virtualization involves separating the physical location where the PCdesktop resides from where the user is accessing the PC. There are four (4) distinct classes of desktop virtualization today: Single Remote Desktop - in this model, a single desktop PC is accessed remotely across a network connection using remote PC access software, such as GoToMyPC, WebEx, PCAnywhere, Windows Remote Desktop, VNC and other similar methods. Shared Desktops - in this model, a multi-user server PC environment like Citrix, Ericom Software and Terminal Services are used to host many users who all "share" a common PC desktop environment together on a server machine. In this case, it's generally possible to host up to a few hundred desktop sessions on powerful server hardware. Virtual Machine Desktops - in this model, also referred to as Virtual Desktop Infrastructure, or VDI, virtual machine technology is used to host multiple instances of a standard, single-user desktop PC operating system (e.g., Windows XP) on a server machine. In this case, it's generally possibly to host a few dozen desktop sessions on powerful server hardware. VDI products are offered by Citrix, VMware and Ericom. Physical PC Blade Desktops - in this model, individual "client blade" PCs are used to host multiple independent user sessions, each one running on its own physical PC blade. In this case, it's possible to host as many client PC blades as you have rack space, power and data center space to accommodate. One company that provides this model is ClearCube Technology, which creates blade PCs.

48. Usage Scenarios for Virtualization Production server consolidation • Consolidate low-utilization workloads • Legacy OS (NT4) and application re-hosting • Resource partitioning (limit resources per VM) Business continuity management • Workload deployment and provisioning • OS and application patching (swap VMs) • Isolation / sandboxing Dynamic data center • Workload mobility Development and test • Rapid provisioning of multiple virtual machines • Undo-disk and save state helpful

49. Usage Scenario: Production server consolidation • Consolidate workloads • Infrastructure applications • Branch office and datacenter workloads • Low-utilization workloads • Efficient use of available hardware resources • Re-host legacy OS and applications • NT4 guest applications on Win2003 host • Run on current hardware and current OS • No application updates required • Partition resources • Limit CPU resource per VM

50. Usage Scenario: Business continuity management • Workload deployment • Quickly switch pre-configured VM (vhd-files) • For disaster recovery • Eliminate unscheduled downtime • OS and application patching • Deploy and test patches off-production, and swap • Eliminate scheduled downtime • Isolation / sandboxing • Isolate OS environments for untrusted applications • Prevent malicious code from affecting others