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The Civil War

The Civil War. Chapter 14. North (US) South (TX) • Slavery • Slavery - Many abolitionists - Important part of their wanted to end slavery economy. • Tariff • Tariff - Supported a higher tariff - Supported foreign trade

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The Civil War

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  1. The Civil War Chapter 14

  2. North (US)South (TX) • Slavery • Slavery - Many abolitionists - Important part of their wanted to end slavery economy • Tariff • Tariff - Supported a higher tariff - Supported foreign trade on foreign goods and opposed the tariff A Divided Nation • States’ Rights • States’ Rights • - Believed federal laws - Believed states should have • applied to all states the right to decide on their • own what is best for their state • Secession • Secession • - Believed states could not - Believed states had the right • legally leave the Union to vote to leave Union

  3. Republican Party New party who’s goal was to stop the western spread of slavery Abraham Lincoln Southern States threatened to secede if a Republican won the election of 1860 Secede is to leave the Union The Vote Breckenridge 18.1% 47,548 votes came from Texas Douglas 29.5% Bell 12.6% Lincoln 39.8% Abraham Lincoln became the 16th president of the United States The Presidential Election of 1860 • The Candidates • Democratic Party • Split over the issue of slavery • Stephen A Douglas • Selected by Northern Democrats and did not support slavery • John C Breckinridge • Selected by Southern Democrats who supported slavery • Constitutional Union Party • New party formed to try to keep the country together • John Bell

  4. Reaction to Lincoln’s Election South Carolina kept it’s promise and seceded from the Union Five other states followed Georgia Florida Alabama Mississippi Louisiana They joined together to form the Confederate States of America What would Texas do? Stay in the Union it had worked so hard to join Leave the Union and join the other Southern states Texas Secession Convention Texans called for a special meeting to discuss secession Governor Sam Houston ignored the request The convention was held anyway Delegates met in Austin on January 28, 1861 Votes 166 for secession 8 against secession On March 2, 1861 Texas became the 7th state to secede Houston’s Response Sam Houston refused to take an oath to the Confederacy Secession • Houston was removed from office and replaced with Edward Clark • Houston died on July 26, 1863 at his home in Huntsville, Texas

  5. Comparing North and South

  6. First Confederate governor of Texas Texas was know as the “storehouse of the Confederacy” Cotton was shipped south through Mexico to Europe Supplies like weapons, food, and horses were brought into Texas then shipped to the rest of the South Texas and the Confederacy • Texas Role in the War • 60,000 - 70,000 Texans fought for the Confederacy • The most famous units were • Hood’s Texas Brigade • The Confederacy • Was made up of 11 former southern states • President • Jefferson Davis • Ross’s Brigade • Terry’s Texas Rangers • No major battles took place in Texas • Most Texas fighting centered on keeping the ports open • The Union attempted to blockade all Confederate ports • Capital • Richmond, Virginia • Commander of Confederate Army • Robert E Lee • Texas • Governor • Francis R Lubbock

  7. The Union lost more than double the men of the Confederacy The war comes to Texas In late 1862 the war came to Texas commanded of all US forces in Texas He chose the Confederate side and surrendered command of his troops peacefully Fort Sumter, South Carolina Union troops refused to surrender On April 12, 1861 Confederate forces attacked The War Begins • Early Fighting • Confederate Forces won several key early victories • Bull Run 1861 • Decision Time • Southern Union army officers had an important decision to make • Stay loyal to the Union • Stay loyal to their state • Major General David E Twiggs • Union attempt to capture Richmond turned into a huge Confederate victory • Shiloh 1862 • In this Confederate victory the Union army under Ulysses S Grant was nearly destroyed • Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston was killed • Fredericksburg 1862 • This was the first battle of the Civil War

  8. Battle of Glorieta Pass (1862) Texas Confederates tried to take over New Mexico Supplies ran low and they were defeated by Union forces New Mexico remained part of the Union the rest of the war Battle of Galveston (1863) Union troops had captured Galveston in 1862 to cut off Confederate supplies Jan 1, 1863, John B Magruder using “cottonclads”, recapture the city for the Confederacy Union tried to invade Texas from the East following the Red River Large Union invasion force was attacked and defeated at Mansfield, Louisiana saving Texas from invasion Battle of Palmito Ranch (1865) Texas Battles of the Civil War • Battle of Sabine Pass (1863) • Large Union army attempted to invade Texas at Sabine Pass • 47 Texans led by Richard Dowling defeated a much larger Union force • Captured 2 gunboats and 350 Union soldiers and prevented invasion of Texas • Received only medals of honor ever awarded by the Confederacy Battle of Mansfield (1864) • Galveston remained in Confederate control for the rest of the war • Last battle of the Civil War • Confederacy won, but lost the war

  9. Prices rose dramatically Union supporters in North Texas formed a secret society called the Peace Party Vigilantes hung 40 Peace Party members in Gainesville in 1862 People in Central Texas, mostly German immigrants, supported the Union 60 Germans tried to leave Texas to join the Union army They were ambushed at the Nueces River, some died fighting and the rest were executed The Effect of the War on the Texas Home Front • More work for those left behind • Women Tensions rose between supporters of the Confederacy and the Union • Managed farms and plantations, drove cattle, and worked in factories • Slaves • Brought to Texas to keep them from escaping or being captured by Union troops • Reduced sale of cotton • Many farmers switched to growing food crops to supply the troops • Shortages of basic supplies • Clothing, newspaper, coffee, and sugar

  10. This gave the Union control of the entire Mississippi River April 1, 1865 Richmond, Virginia evacuated Confederate capital captured by the Union April 9, 1865 Confederate General Robert E Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia The Southern economy would take decades to recover The End of the War • July 1, 1863 • Battle of Gettysburg • Effects of the War • The Union had been saved • This Union victory was the turning point of the war • July 4, 1863 • Battle of Vicksburg • Slavery was ended • Over 600,000 Americans died • 258,000 South • 360,000 North • The South lay in ruins • This ended the Civil War • The fighting had lasted four years

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