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7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS

7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS. What is a system? What is an information system?. What is a system?. define input/processing/output feedback & control environment open, adaptive systems. ENVIRONMENT. FEEDBACK & CONTROL. PROCESSING. INPUT. OUTPUT. What is an information system?.

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7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS

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  1. 7/5: Ch. 2 Fundamentals of IS • What is a system? • What is an information system?

  2. What is a system? • define • input/processing/output • feedback & control • environment • open, adaptive systems ENVIRONMENT FEEDBACK &CONTROL PROCESSING INPUT OUTPUT

  3. What is an information system? • people: end users & IS specialists • data: databases, knowledge bases • hardware: machines & media • software: programs, procedures • networks: media, support (inc. hardware, software, people, data)

  4. What are components of an IS? • input: data entry • processing: adding, comparing, sorting, classifying, summarizing, updating • output: reports, displays • storage: file type, media • control: feedback, adjustments

  5. Information Quality • Time • timeliness, currency, frequency, time period • Content • accuracy, relevance, completeness, conciseness, scope • Form • clarity, detail, order, presentation, media

  6. Small Groups • American General Insurance (p. 53) • Creative Computers (p. 69) • Jefferson State University (p. 72) • Office Products Corporation (p. 72) • In each scenario, identify the people, data resources, hardware, software, and networks. Also, identify the information products. • In each scenario, identify the input, processing, output, storage, and control activities.

  7. History of (Computer-based) IS • data processing (1950’s) • record keeping, accounting, transaction processing • management reporting (1960’s) • predefined reports • decision support systems (1970’s) • on-the-fly managerial information • end-user computing (1980’s) • executive information systems, • expert systems, strategic information systems • enterprise computing (1990’s) • networked all-of-the-above

  8. Types of IS • Operations Support Systems • Transaction Processing Systems • Process Control Systems • Enterprise Collaboration Systems • Managerial Support Systems • Management Information Systems • Decision Support Systems • Executive Information Systems

  9. OSS: Transaction Processing • purchases • sales • inventory changes • batch processing – do in bulk at one time • realtime processing – do at the time of transaction • POS systems image courtesy of http://www.s390.ibm.com/products/tpf/tpfhp.html

  10. OSS: Process Control Systems • automatic triggers in system • inventory replenishment • manufacturing decisions (whichline to run) image courtesy of http://www.ints.com/washtec.htm

  11. OSS: Enterprise Collaboration Systems • Communication enhancements • Resource sharing • Coordination enhancements • Virtual teams • Groupware

  12. MSS: Management Information Systems • ‘canned’ reports • timing: 3 options • on demand • when limits are hit • periodically image courtesy of http://www.ints.com/ws_reports.htm

  13. MSS: Decision Support Systems • interactive • ad hoc basis • unstructured • spreadsheets image courtesy of http://rbac.com/index.htm

  14. MSS: Executive Information Systems • for executives • graphics-intensive • easy to use

  15. Expert Systems • knowledge-based information system • computer-based expert that helps in • troubleshooting • what-if analysis • problem remediation image courtesy of http://www.aiinc.ca/cgi-bin/acqweb.cgi

  16. Knowledge Management Systems • a way to increase communication of information • Internet/intranets web sites • discussion groups • knowledge bases image courtesy of http://www.ke.com.au/texpress/index.html

  17. Strategic Information Systems • products or services that provide market edge

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