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Chapter 17

Chapter 17. Review of “Classification”. Classification. Grouping things according to similar characteristics, and separating them from others by differing characteristics The science of classifying living things is taxonomy. Used to classify organisms:. Cells and their organelles

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Chapter 17

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  1. Chapter 17 Review of “Classification”

  2. Classification • Grouping things according to similar characteristics, and separating them from others by differing characteristics • The science of classifying living things is taxonomy

  3. Used to classify organisms: • Cells and their organelles • Growth and development • Blood chemistry • DNA • Energetics • Body structures/organs

  4. Early Systems of Classification • Aristotle – for animals 2000 years ago • Theophrastus – for plants 2000 years ago • Linnaeus (Karl von Linne) – all organisms in the 1700’s • Linnaeus is known as the “father of modern taxonomy”

  5. Aristotle

  6. Theophrastus

  7. What is the common theme that you observe between the systems of teacher and student?

  8. Pairs of choices – either this or that……..each step has just two choices!

  9. Linnaeus continued that in his development of a “dichotomous key”How to use the dichotomous key

  10. Variations have been developed over time!

  11. Classification Levels • All organisms are placed in one of 5 kingdoms • Kingdoms are divided into several phyla (phylum) or divisions • Phyla are subdivided into classes • Classes are divided into several orders • Order contain several families • Each family has several genera (genus) • Each genus is made up of related species

  12. (Division)

  13. Species sometimes have “varieties” The definition of a species is groups that can breed to form fertile offspring

  14. Human Classification • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Chordata • Class Mammalia • Order Primates • Family Hominidae • Genus Homo • Species sapiens

  15. Binomial Nomenclature • Each organism has a two-part Latin name in Linnaeus’ system • Capitalized Genus • Lower case species • Homo sapiens, Acer rubrum, Pseudotsuga heterophylla, Bacillus cereus, Canis familiaris, Felis domesticus, Equus asinus • Discoverer gets to name it !

  16. Monera Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae Whittaker in 1969 Nucleus or not Uni/multicellular How they obtain food Kingdoms of Living Things

  17. Monera • Simple, unicellular, prokaryotic • Bacteria • Now • Archeabacteria • Eubacteria

  18. Protista • Simple, unicellular or multicellular • Eukaryotic • Amoeba, euglena, paramecia

  19. Fungi • Uni- or multicellular, plant-like • Eukaryotic • Feed on dead matter • Mushrooms, mold and yeast

  20. Plantae • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Photosynthetic • Flowers, shrubs, trees

  21. Animalia • Multicellular • Eukaryotic • Eat other organisms • Man, fish, bird

  22. How are organisms named? • From Latin and Greek • Planta from Latin for “plant” • Moneres from Greek for “single” • Genus is Latin for “type” • Latin prefixes and suffixes to further describe the basic root words

  23. Archea = ancient Arthr = joint Chlor = green Cili = small hair Con = cone Derm = skin Eu = true Myc = fungus Oo = water Platy = flat Por = pore Pod = foot Phyt = plant Rhod = red What does archeaphyte mean? Arthropod? Rhodophyta? Ciliderm? Eubacteria?

  24. What about viruses? Non-living particle (consider characteristics of “life”) Bacteriophage

  25. Lytic Cycle

  26. Classified? • Not in organic classification system • Formerly classified by host • New system by shape and structure • Capsid structure • Nucleic acid type • Method of reproduction

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