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DNA Basics

DNA Basics. Organisms are made up of cells. The nucleus of the cell contains DNA. 5’ end. Nucleoside. 5’C. O. 3’C. Nitrogenous base. O. O. 5’C.  O. O. CH 2. P. O. O. O . Phosphate group. 3’C. Pentose sugar. 5’C. O. 3’C. Figure 5.26 . (b) Nucleotide. 3’ end. OH.

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DNA Basics

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  1. DNA Basics

  2. Organisms are made up of cells

  3. The nucleus of the cell contains DNA

  4. 5’ end Nucleoside 5’C O 3’C Nitrogenous base O O 5’C O O CH2 P O O O Phosphate group 3’C Pentose sugar 5’C O 3’C Figure 5.26 (b) Nucleotide 3’ end OH Figure 5.26 DNA is a linear polymer made up of repeating units

  5. DNA is a double helix DNA is very stable; the data is backed up.

  6. DNA sequence 1 ctcctagtccagacgccatgggtcatttcacagaggaggacaaggctactatcacaagcc 61 tgtggggcaaggtgaatgtggaagatgctggaggagaaaccctgggaaggctcctggttg 121 tctacccatggacccagaggttctttgacagctttggcaacctgtcctctgcctctgcca 181 tcatgggcaaccccaaagtcaaggcacatggcaagaaggtgctgacttccttgggagatg 241 ccataaagcacctggatgatctcaagggcacctttgcccagctgagtgaactgcactgtg 301 acaagctgcatgtggatcctgagaacttcaagctcctgggaaatgtgctggtgaccgttt 361 tggcaatccatttcggcaaagaattcacccctgaggtgcaggcttcctggcagaagatgg 421 tgactggagtggccagtgccctgtcctccagataccactgagctcgctgcccatgatgca 481 gagcttcaaggataggctttattctgcaagcaatacaaataataaatctattctgctaag 541 agatc But start to get used to thinking about DNA sequence like this...

  7. Genetic Basics

  8. Central Dogma

  9. The DNA double helix unzips

  10. DNA RNA  protein: information flow Transcription: A messenger RNA (mRNA)copy of the gene is made RNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose, has uracil instead of thymine, and is single stranded.

  11. DNA RNA  protein: information flow Translation: The messenger RNA copy of the gene is “cranked” through a ribosome. The codonsof the mRNA are read as a template to make a protein.

  12. Translation by Codon • The linear DNA code is read in sets of 3 bases, called codons. • AUG is the start codon. • UAA, UAG and UGA are “stop” codons. • The code is redundant; more than one codon encodes the same protein.

  13. Protein Sequence 1 mshtasscqelvencavhvagmaqedsrrgqvpssfyhganqeldlstkvykresgspys 61 vlvdtkmskphlheteeqpyfretravsdvhavkedrensddteeeeeevsykreqiive 121 vnlnnqtlnvskgekgvssqsketpvlktsseeeeeeseeeatddsndygenekqkkkek 181 iv We will talk about proteins like this... The previous DNA sequence had 546 nucelotides. How many proteins should be in this sequence?

  14. Protein strings fold into 3D structures Lysozyme protein– 2 models

  15. 3D proteins do the cell’s work Substate Active site Enzyme- substrate complex (b) Enzyme Figure 8.16 (a) Figure 8.16 Hexokinase protein modifying a glucose molecule in its active site

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