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Do Now

Do Now. Read the article and answer the questions. Respiratory System. Chapter 16. Objectives. To understand the functions of the respiratory system. To identify the major organs and components of the respiratory system. The Respiratory System. Intro to Respiration Video. Respiratory Fun!.

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Do Now

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  1. Do Now • Read the article and answer the questions

  2. Respiratory System Chapter 16

  3. Objectives • To understand the functions of the respiratory system. • To identify the major organs and components of the respiratory system.

  4. The Respiratory System • Intro to Respiration Video

  5. Respiratory Fun! • Complete the Crossword, Wordsearch, and fill-in the blank to see how much you already know about the Respiratory System!

  6. Do Now • Define the following terms… • Tidal volume • Vital Capacity

  7. Objectives • To determine your own vital capacity and tidal volumes. • To graph the vital capacity of an athlete vs. a non-athlete.

  8. Lung Capacity Lab

  9. Do Now • Name as many structures involved in the respiratory system as possible!

  10. Objectives • To explain the functions of the respiratory system. • To identify the different organs and structures that are part of the respiratory system.

  11. Functions of the Respiratory System • Obtain oxygen and remove carbon dioxide. • Trap particles from incoming air and help control the temperature and water content of the air • Produce vocal sounds • Participate in the sense of smell • Regulate blood pH

  12. Organs of the Respiratory System • 1) Upper Respiratory Tract • Nose • Nasal cavity • Paranasal sinuses • pharynx • 2) Lower Respiratory Tract • Larynx • Trachea • Bronchial tree • lungs

  13. Organs of the Respiratory System

  14. The Nose • Two nostrils- openings in which air can enter and leave • Nasal septum- divides the cavity into left and right cavities • Nasal conchae- bones that curl out, dividing the cavity into passageways

  15. Mucus Membrane • Lines the nasal cavity and help increase its surface area • Contains pseudostratified ciliated epithelium • Goblet cells secrete mucus • Blood vessels warm air

  16. Cilia

  17. Sinuses • Air-filled spaces located within the skull • Reduce the weight of the skull • Affect the quality of the voice

  18. Pharynx • Behind the oral cavity and between the nasal cavity and larynx • Common passageway for food esophagus and air larynx

  19. Larynx • Air enters the larynx through the glottis • The epiglottis folds over the glottis, preventing entry of liquids or food • 9 cartilages • Vocal cords surround glottis • Puberty changes caused by testosterone, vocal cords lengthen and enlarge- lower tones *Laryngoscopy Video!

  20. Larynx

  21. Trachea- “Windpipe” • C-shaped cartilage rings (hyaline cartilage) keep passageways open • Opening of cartilage is near the back of trachea to allow food to pass through the esophagus • Smooth muscle changes the size of the trachea when it contracts

  22. Bronchi/Bronchioles • Trachea branches into the right and left primary bronchi secondary bronchi tertiary bronchi and so on… • Bronchiole: when the bronchi no longer have cartilage they are called bronchioles. Asthma Video Clip

  23. Bronchioles lead to Alveoli • Respiratory bronchioles open into passageways called alveolar ducts that end at alveolar sacs

  24. Alveoli

  25. Review • Mouth  • Pharynx (throat)  • Larnyx (voicebox)  • Trachea (windpipe)  • Bronchi  Primary, secondary and tertiary • Bronchioles  • Terminal bronchiole  • Respiratory bronchiole  • Alveoli Review Animation

  26. Do Now • List the pathway of air beginning with breathing through the nose!

  27. Objectives • To explain the function and necessity of surfactant in the lungs. • To explain the differences in pressure during inspiration and expiration. • To define the different volumes and capacities within the lungs.

  28. The Lungs • Contains Lobes • Right lung= 3 lobes • Left Lung= 2 lobes • Within the “pleural cavity” • Parietal pleural membrane • Visceral pleural membrane

  29. Breathing Vocab • Ventilation: breathing • Inspiration: inhalation, breathing in • Expiration: exhalation, breathing out

  30. Inspiration • Atmospheric pressure forces air into the lungs while diaphragm is contracting. • Pressure is higher outside the lungs

  31. Surface Tension • Alveoli attract water molecules and cause surface tension, alveoli are harder to inflate and can actually collapse • Alveolar cells synthesize “surfactant” to fight this and make it easier to inflate the alveoli.

  32. Respiratory Distress Syndrome • Premature babies do not produce sufficient surfactant and cannot breathe properly. • Doctors drip synthetic surfactant into their lungs through a tube and they breath using a ventilator.

  33. Expiration • The elastic recoil of the lung tissue and decreased diameter of the alveoli creates a very slightly greater pressure inside the lungs than the atmosphere, forcing the air out.

  34. Non-respiratory Air Movements • Caughing: airway obstruction in lower respiratory tract causes us to inhale, close the glottis, and force air out, opening the glottis and forcing out the obstruction. • Sneezing: airway obstruction in upper respiratory tract, air forced through glottis into nasal passage. (can be propelled out at 200mph! Gross!!) • Laughing: Taking a breath and releasing it in short expirations. • Hiccuping: sudden inspiration due to a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm when the glottis is closed, passing air over vocal cords causes a hiccup sound. • Yawning: low blood-oxygen concentration triggers yawn reflex that ventilates more of the alveoli.

  35. Respiratory Volumes • Measure by an instrument called a “spirometer”. • We already know 1 volume from our lab. • What is it?

  36. Respiratory Volumes • Tidal Volume: volume of air entering or leaving during a single respiratory cycle. • Inspiratory Reserve Volume: extra air in lungs during forced inspiration. • Expiratory Reserve Volume: air that exits during forced expiration. • Residual Volume: air left in lungs even after forced expiration.

  37. Respiratory Capacities • Combining two or more volumes gives us a capacity. • 1) Vital capacity= inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume. • 2) Inspiratory capacity= tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume. • 3) Function residual capacity= expiratory reserve volume + residual volume. • 4) Total Lung Capacity= vital capacity + residual volume. (about 5,800 ml)

  38. Respiratory Capacities

  39. Review • Which non-respiratory air movement can clear an obstruction from the upper respiratory tract? • If you were to completely breath out everything you have in your lungs, what “volume” would still be left in there? • What is the name of the substance that allows inflation of the alveoli and is lacking in respiratory distress syndrome?

  40. Respiratory Diseases • Read about the respiratory conditions and answer the questions.

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