Pittsburgh at the End of the 1800s : A Town Built on Industry

1. Pittsburgh at the End of the 1800s: A Town Built on Industry A Gifted Enrichment Unit 4th Grade

2. Primary Sources are a Wealth of Information! • Primary Sources are sources of information that were taken from the actual time that the event happened by the actual people that were there. They give a first hand account of events. • Some primary sources include photographs, diary entries, journals, newspaper articles, sheet music and songs, audio or text of speeches and interviews, and political cartoons. • This Unit will concentrate on examining and analyzing primary sources.

3. Introduction • Pittsburgh is a great place to live…I think that you will all agree! But, how did Pittsburgh grow to be the great city that it is today? Pittsburgh officially became a city in 1758. But, the late 1800s and the early 1900s were when Pittsburgh really began to take advantage of its natural resources and its geographic location on the 3 Rivers and the Pennsylvania Railroad. This Unit takes a look at this period in time that was known as the Industrial Age in Pittsburgh. • So, begin to think about what you know about Pittsburgh…

4. Questions to Ponder… In your small group, discuss the following questions… • What do you know about the Strip District? • Why is our NFL team called the Steelers? • Do you know any of the people that helped Pittsburgh to develop into the town that it is today? • What types of natural resources are found around Pittsburgh? • What goods does Pittsburgh produce? How are they exported? • Can you think of family names that you hear all of the time or see everywhere in Pittsburgh? ******Make a digital folder in your student Gifted folder. ****** ******Label it “Pittsburgh Unit-4th grade”.******

5. The Layout of Downtown Pittsburgh • Let’s begin by thinking about the layout of Downtown Pittsburgh as you know it. Here is how you probably picture Pittsburgh…

6. Activity #1-What Do You Know? • Download a KWL chart at https://creately.com/app/?tempID=h0ja3vul1# • Fill out the KWL chart on what you Know about the INDUSTRIES that developed in the City of Pittsburgh at the end of the 1800s. Think of who started them, where they were, what they were named, and what they produced. • Also fill out what you Want to know. You will fill out what you Learned at the end of the Unit. • Save the completed KWL chart to your “Pittsburgh” folder.

7. Activity #2- PHLF Virtual Tour • Go to the following website. It is a tour that was created for the official website of the Pittsburgh History and Landmarks Foundation (PHLF), a non-profit organization that is dedicated to preserving the heritage and physical landmarks of Pittsburgh. • http:www.phlf.org/dragons/tour/index.html • Create a word document and title it PHLF Virtual Tour. Write ten facts that you found most interesting from the site. Copy and paste 5 pictures of historic Pittsburgh buildings. Make sure that you title the pictures, state where they are located in the city, and cite your sources. • Save this Word document to your “Pittsburgh” folder.

8. Activity #3- A Virtual Tour of the Industrial District- 1750-present • Go to the following website. This is an interactive Google map that shows the number of mills and their locations. • http://www.riversofsteel.com/map/category/all/ • Choose an era from the menu at the left. Look at how the number of mills increases/decreases from era to era. • Click on the icons and look at the names of the mills and where they are in relation to each other. • Download the following worksheet. • http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/map_analysis_worksheet.pdf • Analyze the map for the era 1880-1920 by completing this worksheet online, print it, scan it, and then save it to your “Pittsburgh“ folder.

9. Activity #4- Speech-The Men of the Industrial Age • The next few slides are pictures of five of the men that helped Pittsburgh’s industry grow in the late 1800s. • Take a look at the pictures. • In your groups, each person choose one of the following founding fathers to research. • On the slide following the pictures, click on the link below his name and read the information for the person that you chose.

10. Men of Industry Andrew Carnegie Henry Clay Frick

11. Men of Industry George Westinghouse Andrew Mellon

12. Information for the Men of the Industrial Age • Andrew Mellon http://www.mellon.org/about_foundation/history/andrew-w-mellon • Andrew Carnegie http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Carnegie-Andrew.html • George Westinghouse http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Westinghouse • Henry Clay Frick http://biography.yourdictionary.com/henry-clay-frick

13. Speech- The Men of the Industrial Age • After you have read the information for the person that you chose, write a 2-3 minute speech from the first person point-of-view of your person that you chose. Relate some factual information in your speech. Act as if you are introducing “yourself”. • Write a rough draft. Make sure that you cover the basics of the information. • Have the rough draft of your “speech” approved by Mrs. Anderson. • Write a final draft of your speech and save it to your “Pittsburgh” folder. • Deliver your speech to the class.

14. Activity #5-Actual Speech by Andrew Carnegie • Andrew Carnegie started the company that later became U.S. Steel, the largest manufacturer of steel in the entire country at that time. Click on the following link to listen to the audio of an actual speech that was given by Carnegie on the topic of “Wealth”. • http://diva.library.cmu.edu/webapp/carnegie/audio.html • Before listening to the speech, download the following worksheet. http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/sound_recording_analysis_worksheet.pdf • While you are listening, fill out the worksheet. • Print the worksheet, scan it, and save it to your “Pittsburgh” file.

15. Activity #6- The Message of Political Cartoons • Political cartoons are created to make a statement to the public about famous people and situations that are popular at the time. • Download the following worksheettwice. • http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/cartoon_analysis_worksheet.pdf • Download the 2 political cartoons for Henry Clay Frick and Andrew Carnegie from the next slide. • Analyze each of the cartoons by completing the worksheets. What message was the cartoonist trying to convey? • Complete a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting the two cartoons. • Scan your Venn diagram and then save it to your” Pittsburgh” file.

16. Political Cartoons • Henry Clay Frick: http://p2.la-img.com/218/12429/3567178_1_l.jpg • Andrew Carnegie: http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/RelatedCartoon.asp?Month=October&Date=20

17. Life in the Mills • The majority of the people that lived in Pittsburgh at the end of the 18th Century made their living in the Mills. Working in the Mills was not always an easy way to make a living. • Let’s take a look at some primary sources from that time that will give us a better idea of what it was like to live and work in Pittsburgh in the late 1800s…

18. Activity #7- Map of the Mills • Here is a map of downtown Pittsburgh during the Industrial Age. It is different from the interactive Google map in that it is a digitized copy of an actual map made by a surveyor in that time. • Download the map and a copy of the NARA worksheet for analyzing maps. Complete the worksheet. • Map: http://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/view/11138734?buttons=y • NARA worksheet: http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/map_analysis_worksheet.pdf • Print the worksheet, scan it, and save it to your “Pittsburgh” folder.

19. Activity #8- Songs and Sheet Music • There are many songs that have been written about Pittsburgh and the fact that it is a “Steel Town”. Download and listen to the song, Pittsburgh Town, by Pete Seeger on the next slide. • Pay attention to the lyrics and their meaning. • Sheet music and the cover that is chosen can tell you a lot about an era. Download the sheet music for Iron City and Out of the Smoke. • Complete the following SEAC worksheet where you will Scan, Examine, Analyze, and Compare the two copies of sheet music. • http://www.tpsnva.org/tps/step1/workshop/2/m_a/psi/multimedia/seac_advanced.pdf • Save the worksheet to your “Pittsburgh” folder.

20. Pittsburgh Songs and Sheet Music • Pete Seeger- Pittsburgh Town https://sites.google.com/site/pittsburghmusichistory/pittsburgh-songs • Iron City Sheet Music http://www.clpdigital.org/jspui/bitstream/10493/623/1/Iron_city.pdf • Out of the Smoke Sheet Music http://www.clpdigital.org/jspui/bitstream/10493/622/1/Out_of_the_smoke.pdf

21. Activity #9- Working in the Mills • Working conditions were sometimes harsh and dangerous in the Mills. Look at the following two pictures, one is from the Westinghouse Machine Company and one is from the McLaughlin Steel Company. • Download the photos and a copy of the SEAC worksheet on the next slide. Scan, Examine, Analyze, and Compare the working conditions in the two mills. • Save the SEAC worksheet to your “Pittsburgh” folder.

22. Photographs from Inside the Mills • Westinghouse Machine Company: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/papr/west/westrota.jpg • McLaughlin Steel Company: http://images.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/i/image/getimage-idx?cc=hpicasc;entryid=x-943.11001.gn;viewid=11001GN.TIF;quality=m800;view=image • SEAC worksheet: http://www.tpsnva.org/tps/step1/workshop/2/m_a/psi/multimedia/seac_advanced.pdf

23. Activity #10-In Their Own Words • The following website contains audio of interviews of men who worked in the Mills. They talk about the working conditions, the hardships, and the relationships that they had with each other. • http://www.songsofsteel.com/index.php?n=Main.TroubleInTheMills • Listen to the interviews of at least 4 of the Mill workers. • Download and complete the NARA worksheet for analyzing sound recordings. • http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets/sound_recording_analysis_worksheet.pdf • Print the worksheet, scan it, and save it to your “Pittsburgh” file.

24. Activity #11- Tour of the Carrie Furnace • The Carrie Furnaces were a central part of the US Steel Mills in 1906. • After examining and analyzing these primary sources regarding the Mills of Pittsburgh, form a picture in your mind of what you believe it would be like to tour a Steel Mill. • Create a Venn Diagram. Label one side “What I Believe A Steel Mill Would Look Like” and the other side “Actual Tour of The Carrie Furnace”. • Fill in the side about what you think a steel mill would look like. Include some illustrations. • View the video of a retired steel worker giving a tour of the furnaces. Fill in the other side of the Venn diagram and the middle section with the parts that you correctly predicted. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRnHfHppIXs

25. Conclusion • By now, you should have a good idea of the industries that helped to build our great town of Pittsburgh! • We looked at the men that helped create the mills, the way of life for the men that worked them, and how they helped to develop different parts of the city. • Fill out the Learned section of the KWL chart form the beginning of the Unit. • Share what you learned with your classmates

26. Resources (1) • Photograph of Pittsburgh (sllide 5) : http://www.njfuture.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/pittsburgh-shot.jpg • KWL chart: https://creately.com/app/?tempID=h0ja3vul1# • Virtual Tour:http:www.phlf.org/dragons/tour/index.html • Interactive Google Map: http://www.riversofsteel.com/map/category/all/ • NARA worksheets: http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/worksheets • James H Laughlin photo: http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5017/5486070741_ca5ac2ec0e_z.jpg • George Westinghouse photo: http://www.newmainetimes.org/media/img/library/2011/04/26/geo._westinghouse_1.jpg • Andrew Mellon photo: http://www.old-picture.com/american-legacy/001/pictures/Andrew-Melon.jpg • Andrew Carnegie photo: http://energyofabundance.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/Andrew_Carnegie-2.jpg • Henry Clay Frick photo: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/Henry_Clay_Frick.jpg

27. Resources (2) • Andrew Mellon information: http://www.mellon.org/about_foundation/history/andrew-w-mellon • Andrew Carnegie information: http://www.notablebiographies.com/Ca-Ch/Carnegie-Andrew.html • George Westinghouse information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Westinghouse • Henry Clay Frick Information: http://biography.yourdictionary.com/henry-clay-frick • Henry Clay Frick cartoon: http://p2.la-img.com/218/12429/3567178_1_l.jpg • Andrew Carnegie cartoon: http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/RelatedCartoon.asp?Month=October&Date=20

28. Resources (3) • Andrew Carnegie speech: http://diva.library.cmu.edu/webapp/carnegie/audio.html • Map of Pittsburgh (slide 18) : http://ids.lib.harvard.edu/ids/view/11138734?buttons=y • Pete Seeger- Pittsburgh Town https://sites.google.com/site/pittsburghmusichistory/pittsburgh-songs • Iron City Sheet Music http://www.clpdigital.org/jspui/bitstream/10493/623/1/Iron_city.pdf • Out of the Smoke Sheet Music http://www.clpdigital.org/jspui/bitstream/10493/622/1/Out_of_the_smoke.pdf • Westinghouse Machine Companoicturey: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/papr/west/westrota.jpg • McLaughlin Steel Company oicture: http://images.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/i/image/getimage-idx?cc=hpicasc;entryid=x-943.11001.gn;viewid=11001GN.TIF;quality=m800;view=image • SEAC worksheet: http://www.tpsnva.org/tps/step1/workshop/2/m_a/psi/multimedia/seac_advanced.pdf • Steelworker interviews: http://www.songsofsteel.com/index.php?n=Main.TroubleInTheMills