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UNIT FOUR: Matter and its Changes

UNIT FOUR: Matter and its Changes. Chapter 12 Atoms and the Periodic Table Chapter 13 Compounds Chapter 14 Changes in Matter Chapter 15 Chemical Cycles and Climate Change. Chapter Fourteen: Changes in Matter. 14.1 Chemical Reactions 14.2 Types of Reactions

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UNIT FOUR: Matter and its Changes

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  1. UNIT FOUR: Matter and its Changes • Chapter 12 Atoms and the Periodic Table • Chapter 13 Compounds • Chapter 14 Changes in Matter • Chapter 15 Chemical Cycles and Climate Change

  2. Chapter Fourteen: Changes in Matter • 14.1 Chemical Reactions • 14.2 Types of Reactions • 14.3 Energy and Chemical Reactions • 14.4 Nuclear Reactions

  3. Chapter 14.2 Learning Goals • Classify reactions based on how atoms combine to create new substances. • Discuss applications of polymer science. • Study examples of combustion reactions.

  4. Key Question: How are atoms conserved in a chemical reaction? Investigation 14B Balancing Chemical Equations

  5. 14.2 Synthesis reactions • In a synthesis reaction, two or more substances combine to form a new compound.

  6. 14.2 Synthesis reaction A+B----->AB Fe (s)+O2 (g)----->Fe2O3(s) Remember to balance! Fe+O2----->Fe2O3 4 3 2

  7. 14.2 Synthesis reactions • The process of creating large molecules from small ones is called polymerization.

  8. 14.2 Decomposition reactions • A chemical reaction in which a single compound is broken down to produce two or more smaller compounds is called a decomposition reaction.

  9. 14.2 Decomposition reaction AB-energy-> A+B 2 Hg(s) + O2 (g) HgO3(s) -heat-> 2 2 H2O (l) -electricity-> 2 H2(g) + O2 (g)

  10. 14.2 Single Displacement • In a single-displacement reaction, one element replaces a similar element in a compound.

  11. 14.2 Single Displacement A + X X B B -----> + A Fe Fe + Cu Cu Cl2 Cl2 -----> + -----> +

  12. 14.2 Double Displacement • In a double-displacement reaction, ions from two compounds in solution exchange places to produce two new compounds. • One of the compounds formed is usually a precipitate that settles out of the solution, a gas that bubbles out of the solution, or a molecular compound such as water.

  13. 14.2 Double Displacement AB+CD--->AC+BD Pb(NO3)2+KI--->PbI2+KNO3 2 2

  14. 14.2 Double displacement reactions • A precipitate is a new solid product that comes out of solution in a chemical reaction. • The formation of a cloudy precipitate is evidence that a double-displacement reaction has occurred.

  15. 14.2 Combustion reactions • A combustion reaction, also called burning, occurs when a substance such as wood, natural gas, or propane combines with oxygen and releases a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.

  16. 14.2 Combustion reactions • What do reactants like wood, natural gas, and propane have in common?

  17. 14.2 Combustion CxHy+O2---> CO2+H2O+energy C6H12O6+O2---> CO2+H2O 6 6 6 +energy

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