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Calcium metabolism & parathyroid glands

Calcium metabolism & parathyroid glands. petercelec@gmail.com. Calcium. Phosphate. Vitamin D. Parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid glands. Calcitonin. Parafollicular C cells in the thyroid gland Unknown physiological functions Inhibits absorption from the gut Inhibits osteoclasts

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Calcium metabolism & parathyroid glands

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  1. Calciummetabolism &parathyroidglands petercelec@gmail.com

  2. Calcium

  3. Phosphate

  4. Vitamin D

  5. Parathyroidhormone

  6. Parathyroidglands

  7. Calcitonin • Parafollicular C cells in thethyroidgland • Unknownphysiologicalfunctions • Inhibitsabsorptionfromthegut • Inhibitsosteoclasts • Inhibitsfoodintake (satietyhormone?) • Inhibitsphosphatereabsorption • Procalcitonin • Markerofsepsis

  8. Pathology

  9. Hypercalcemia • Symptoms • Renal(stones, polydipsia, polyuria) • Bones (pain) • Gut (constipation) • Brain (depression, fatique, anorexia) • Signs • Hypertension, cognitiveimpairment, jointswelling, bone deformities

  10. Hypercalcemia • Causes • Primary (tertiary) hyperparathyroidism • Malignancies(parathyroidhormone-relatedprotein) • Hypervitaminosis D • Renalfailure • Therapy • Diuretics • Bisphosphonates • Calcitonin

  11. Hypocalcemia • Symptoms & Signs • Tetany, paresthesia, ECG changes • Causes • Hypoparathyroidism (inborn, post surgery), lowcalciumintake, hypovitaminosis D, renalfailure • Therapy • Calcium, vitamin D

  12. Hypovitaminosis D • Rickets • Long bone malformation in children • Osteomalacia • In adults • „soft bone“ disease • Osteoporosis • Hypervitaminosis?

  13. Osteoporosis • Increasedfracture risk • Decreased bone mineralization • Postmenopausal, glucocorticoids, immobilization • Therapy • Bisphosphonates • Estrogenreplacement • Calcitonin

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