The Human Body

1. The Human Body workforce planning

2. Did you Know??!! • When you sneeze all body functions stop, even your heart • Your brain is 80% water • A human has 60,000 miles of blood vessels in their body • The lining of your digestive system is shed every 3 days • More than half the bones in your body are found in your hands and feet • Everyone is colour blind at birth • 1.7 litres of saliva are produced each day • About 8 million blood cells die in the human body every second, and the same number are born each second workforce planning

3. Body Systems: • THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM • THE SKELETAL SYSTEM • THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM • THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM • THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM • THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM • THE NERVOUS SYSTEM • THE IMMUNE SYSTEM • THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM workforce planning

4. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM workforce planning

5. TRIVIA! • How many muscles are there in the human body? • Answer: 650 Muscles workforce planning

6. The Muscular System • Purpose: works with the skeletal and nervous system to produce movement, also helps to circulate blood through the human body • muscle cells are fibrous • muscle contractions can be voluntary or involuntary (consider your arm vs. your heart which beats 60 to 80 beats every minute without you having to think about it!) • Three Types of Muscle: • Skeletal • Smooth (found inside organs) • Cardiac (heart)

7. Muscular System cont. • Muscles band together to form muscle groups which work together • When the muscles contract, they pull on the tendons which pull on the bones and cause our limbs to move

8. Muscle Fiber Types TYPE I TYPE II Fast Twitch They are much better at generating short bursts of strength or speed than slow muscles. However, they fatigue more quickly. Fast twitch fibers generally produce the same amount of force per contraction as slow muscles, but they get their name because they are able to fire more rapidly. Slow Twitch They fire more slowly than fast twitch fibers and can go for a long time before they fatigue. Therefore, slow twitch fibers are great at helping athletes run marathons and bicycle for hours.

9. MoreTRIVIA! • The longest muscle in the body is ___________ • Answer- The Sartorius • The Sartorius runs from the outside of the hip, down and across to the inside of the knee. It twists and pulls the thigh outwards. • The smallest muscle in the body is __________ • Answer- The Stapedius • The Stapedius is located deep in the ear. It is only 5mm long and thinner than cotton thread. It is involved in hearing. • The biggest muscle in the body is __________ • Answer- The Gluteus Maximus • The Gluteus Maximus is located in the buttock. It pulls the leg backwards powerfully for walking and running. workforce planning

10. There are about 60 muscles in the face. Smiling is easier than frowning. It takes 20 muscles to smile and over 40 to frown. workforce planning

11. The Skeletal System workforce planning

12. TRIVIA! • How many bones are there in the human body? • Answer: 206 Bones • When you were born, your skeleton had around 350 bones. By the time you become an adult, you will only have 206 bones. This is because, as you grow, some of the bones join together to form one bone. workforce planning

13. Inside a Bone- • Our bones are alive- they have their own nerves and blood vessels, and they do various jobs, such as storing body minerals. • A typical bone has an outer layer of hard or compact bone, which is very strong, dense and tough. • Inside this is a layer of spongy bone, which is like honeycomb, lighter and slightly flexible. • In the middle of some bones is jelly-called bone marrow, where new cells are constantly being produced for the blood.

14. The Skeleton- • The Skeleton is the name given to the collection of bones that holds the rest of our body up. Our skeleton is very important to us. It does three major jobs: • It protects our vital organs such as the brain, the heart and the lungs. • It gives us the shape that we have. Without our skeleton, we would just be a blob of blood and tissue on the floor. • It allows us to move. Because our muscles are attached to our bones, when our muscles move, they move the bones, and we move. workforce planning

15. Healthy Bones • Most of the calcium in your body is stored in your bones • Exercise and a good diet help to keep bones strong • Vitamin D helps you absorb calcium so that your bones can stay strong • Sources of vitamin D include milk, salmon, cereal, beef and egg • When bones break they can heal themselves, and they are stronger when they heal than they were before they were • broken! workforce planning

16. Connective Tissue Tendon: Muscle to Bone Ligament: Bone to Bone

17. TheCirculatory System workforce planning

18. Blood Vessels AWAY FROM • ARTERIES are vessels that carry blood ____________ the heart. • VEINS are vessels that carry blood _________ the heart. • CAPILLARIES are small vessels where gas exchange occurs TOWARDS

19. The Heart • Deoxygenated blood comes into the right side of the heart • The blood gets pumped to the lungs for oxygen • Oxygenated blood comes back into the left side of the heart and is then shipped to the body workforce planning

20. Blood • Red Blood Cells - contain hemoglobin, an iron-rich protein that carries oxygen • White Blood Cells - function in the immune system • Platelets - help in blood clotting • Plasma - liquid part of the blood

21. Did You Know??!!Blood is a liquid organ • The heart beats around 3 billion times in the average person's life • Your blood pressure is the measure of the force of blood as it flows through the arteries of the cardiovascular system • Within a tiny droplet of blood, there are some 5 million red blood cells, 300 000 platelets and 10, 000 white cells. • It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the whole body.

22. The Respiratory System Purpose: to provide the body with a fresh supply of oxygen for respiration and remove the waste product carbon dioxide Major Organs and Their Functions Nose/Mouth – internal entry and exit point for air Trachea – the “windpipe”, or what connects your mouth/nose to your lungs

23. The Lungs- • Bronchi – the two large passageways that lead from the trachea to your lungs (one for each lung) • the bronchi are further subdivided into bronchioles • eventually, the further subdivisions lead to tiny air sacs called alveoli • The alveoli contain many tiny capillaries. This is where the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs. *The branching out of the aleoli creates more surface area which in turn allows for more oxygen to be absorbed.

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25. TRIVIA! • When we eat, a flap called the ________ -- flops down to cover the windpipe so that food doesn't go down the wrong tube. • ANSWER-___________ epiglottis workforce planning

26. The Digestive System workforce planning

27. Digestive System • Purpose: to convert food particles into pieces that can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body • Major Organs and their Functions: • Mouth – to chew and grind up food • saliva also begins the chemical breakdown • Esophagus – pipe connecting mouth to stomach workforce planning

28. Stomach – secretes an strong acid that leads to breakdown of food • Liver – produces bile, which breaks down fats in foods • Pancreas – produces enzymes that flow into the small intestine. • Small Intestine – after digestion is complete, the digested food enters the small intestine where it is absorbed into the bloodstream • Large Intestine – removes water from the food and gets the waste ready for excretion

29. It takes about 20-30 hours to digest food completely

30. Excretory System • Purpose: to rid the body of wastes, including excess water and salts • Major Organs and Their Functions • Kidneys – the main organs of the excretory system • blood with waste enters the kidney and the kidney filters out urea, excess water and other waste products, which eventually travel out of the kidney as urine • eventually they travel through the ureter to the urinary bladder • Urine leaves the body through the urethra

31. Excretory System Cont. • Rectum – solid (food) waste travels out of the body through the rectum • Skin – sweat glands remove excess water and salts from the body • Lungs – expel the waste gas carbon dioxide

32. Nervous System • Purpose: to coordinate the body’s response to changes in its internal and external environment • Major Organs and Their Functions • Brain – control center of the body, where all processes are relayed through • Spinal Cord – sends instructions from the brain to the rest of the body and vice versa • Nerves – conduct impulses to muscle cells throughout the body

33. Brain • Cerebrum – Center for thought, imagination, and emotions. • 2 hemispheres • Each hemisphere has 4 lobes that control different activities Vision Touch Hearing Taste • Cerebellum – Controls balance and posture • Brain Stem – Guides signals from spinal cord • Pons • Midbrain • Medulla Oblongata – Autonomic functions (heart beat, breathing, digestion, swallowing, vomiting, sneezing, and coughing)

34. Immune System Purpose: Defends body against disease. It works by recognizing, attacking, and destroying foreign invaders Major Organs: Lymph – Clear/yellowish fluid that is made up of water, nutrients, and white blood cells. Lymph Nodes – holds lymphocytes (white blood cells). Spleen – Filters blood to get rid of particles that should not be there.

35. Endocrine System Purpose:to control growth, development, metabolism and reproduction through the production and secretion of hormones Major Organs/Components: Endocrine glands – organs that release hormones Pituitary – Growth, directs all other glands Thyroid – Metabolism, body temp., and bone growth Adrenal – “fight or flight” Pineal – Controls internal clock and sleep rhythm Gonads – Sex characteristics, egg and sperm formation, control reproductive cycles Pancreas – regulates blood-sugar