Writing Strong Paragraphs

1. Writing Strong Paragraphs The Significant Parts of an Essay

2. Top Left: Writer’s full name Teacher’s name Class Date Suzie Jones Ms. Smith English I 4 November 2009 MLA Formatting

3. Top Right: Writer’s last name Page number Jones 1 Suzie Jones Ms. Smith English I 4 November 2009 HINT! Use the “header” function of your word processing program to automatically enter your name and page number on each page.

4. Title: • Centered • Creatively address topic and subject of essay • Do not: • bold, underline, italicize, or change size Jones 1 Suzie Jones Ms. Smith English I 4 November 2009 Title Goes Here

5. Jones 1 Suzie Jones Ms. Smith English I 4 November 2009 Title Goes Here Here is my general statement about my topic. From here, I say some more stuff, then I funnel to the thesis statement. A topic sentence goes here. I support my arguments in this paragraph and I include analysis. • Type • Double-space • 12 point font • Legible, standard font • Times New Roman • 1 inch margins • Indent paragraphs

6. Elements of a Paragraph • Topic Sentence • Supporting Example(s) • Closing Sentence

7. Structure of a Body Paragraph Topic Sentence Lead In Quotation Analysis Transition Lead In Quotation Analysis Concluding Sentence

8. Elements of a Body Paragraph • Topic Sentence: • Establish the focus of the body paragraph. • One sentence • Background information • Introduce the example that you plan to use

9. Elements of a Body Paragraph • Lead In • Provides context for the quote you will use • Introduce “Who” is involved in the quote and “What” is happening. • Quotation: • Specific quote from the story • Uses parenthetical citation • “……” ( Authors Name pg#) • Must prove your topic sentence

10. Elements of a Body Paragraph • Analysis: • Explains the “How” and the “Why” • Explains How the quotation proves your topic sentence • Explains Why the quotation proves your thesis statement • Closing Sentence • Must refer back to your topic sentence.

11. Example Topic Sentence: George and Lenny demonstrate how important loyalty is to a successful friendship when they escape the Weed incident together. Background: Before George and Lenny moved to Soledad, they worked on a farm in Weed. However George’s loyalty to Lenny was tested when Lenny was accused of “raping” a girl on the farm. George chose to stick by Lenny “that night we scrammed outa there(42)”. Analysis: George is loyal to Lenny even though his careless actions cause them to lose another job. George risks his own life in order save Lenny from the men on the ranch. This behavior demonstrates George’s continual loyalty to Lenny and proves the dedication of their friendship.

12. Topic Sentence • Supporting Examples • Conclusion • will always establish topic of paragraph; provides reader with focus • if within an essay – relates back to thesis statement • if within an essay – transitions from previous paragraph

13. Topic Sentence • Supporting Example(s) • Closing sentence • Each supports topic sentence and thesis • Includes internal transitions leading from one example to the next • Incorporates direct evidence from text in the form of a quotation • Includes analysis of evidence • Explains HOW direct evidence proves topic sentence and thesis

14. Topic Sentence • Supporting Examples • Closing Sentence • relates to topic sentence • provides insight to the topic discussed if within a single paragraph • If within an essay – relates back to thesis • if within an essay – does not preview the next paragraph

15. Examples of Topic Sentences • Example Thesis Statement: In “The Most Dangerous Game” the mood of suspense is shown through the tropical night, Zaroff’s chateau, and the fight in the bedroom. • Topic Sentence for Body Paragraph 1: The suspenseful mood is illustrated through the image of the dark, tropical night. • Topic Sentence for Body Paragraph 2: In addition to the imagery of the tropical night, Zaroff’s chateau also helps to emphasize the mood of suspense. Remember! • Will always establish topic of paragraph; provides reader with focus • if within an essay – relates back to thesis statement • if within an essay – transitions from previous paragraph

16. Developing Examples • Drawn from conclusions gained from text or story • Come from the ideas generated from the reader • Should not be repeated or redundant but distinctive

17. Incorporating Direct Evidence • Borrowed from text • Must be quoted exactly as is written • Including punctuation • Includes “lead-in” and analysis (more explanation to come!) • Cite using parenthetical citations • Author’s last name • Page number

18. While Rainsford is on the boat, he attempts “…to peer through the dank tropical night that was palpable as it pressed its thick warm blackness upon the yacht” (Connell 5). Citation using author’s name, page # Examples of Direct Evidence & Citations

19. Lead-ins Necessary to provide smooth transition Includes context If the quote is spoken in the text, the speaker must be identified. Examples: When Zaroff does this he says, “…quote goes here...”(author #). When Rainsford jumps from the ship, he is described as “…quote goes here...”(author #). Lead-ins & Analysis

20. Analysis • Final component for quote incorporation • Offers an explanation of HOW quote supports topic sentence and connects to the thesis • EXAMPLE: While Rainsford is on the boat, he attempts “to peer through the dank tropical night that was palpable as it pressed its thick warm blackness upon the yacht” (Connell 5). The author’s use of the words “dank,” “palpable,” and “pressed” help to emphasize the suffocation the characters feel. The word dank gives one a feeling of a heavy wetness, which would then weigh on the characters. Something that is palpable can be touched, and therefore, if the air is pressing on the characters, they would feel suffocated.

21. Analysis continued… • On one side of Zaroff’s chateau, the sea is described as “lick[ing] greedy lips in the shadows” (Connell 7). The personifcation of the sea helps to add suspense because it emphasizes that Rainsford’s only option is the chateau; both the jungle and the sea threaten death.

22. Remember- relates to topic sentence provides insight to the topic discussed if within a single paragraph If within an essay – relates back to thesis if within an essay – does not preview the next paragraph Example Thesis Statement: In “The Most Dangerous Game” the mood of suspense is shown through the tropical night, Zaroff’s chateau, and the fight in the bedroom. Topic Sentence for Body Paragraph 1: The suspenseful mood is illustrated through the image of the dark, tropical night. Closing Sentence for Body Paragraph 1: The feeling of suffocation as well as the inability to see through the night air helps to build the suspense of the story. Closing Sentence Avoid: “In conclusion…” and “As you can see…”

23. Grammar & Mechanics  The author wants readers to reconsider how jealousy rules their lives. • Present tense • Third person • Spell check • Avoid excessive pronoun usage • Use the apostrophe to mark possession  The author wants readers to reconsider how jealousy rules their lives.  The teecher wantzstoodentz to be smart and use spehl check.  Mme. Loisel borrowed Mme. Forestier’s necklace because she wanted to look good for her husband. She is a shallow person.

24. Example Topic Sentence: George and Lenny demonstrate how important loyalty is to a successful friendship when they escape the Weed incident together. Background: Before George and Lenny moved to Soledad, they worked on a farm in Weed. However George’s loyalty to Lenny was tested when Lenny was accused of “raping” a girl on the farm. George chose to stick by Lenny “that night we scrammed outa there(42)”. Analysis: George is loyal to Lenny even though his careless actions cause them to lose another job. George risks his own life in order save Lenny from the men on the ranch. This behavior demonstrates George’s continual loyalty to Lenny and proves the dedication of their friendship.

25. Do: • Pay attention to sentence structure • Vary sentence lengths • Pay attention to comma placement and other punctuation • Write complete sentences

26. Avoid: • then • now • that • it • get or got  • starts to (as a phrase) • As you can see, Overall, In Conclusion • run on and fragment sentences

27. Montresor then hides the trowel in the niche revealing that he is an insane planner of death. Fortunato thendies. Now, Montresor can be considered crazy. That is why in the short story “Cask of Amontillado,” Montresor is a dark, evil, and sinister man. Examples of Grammar NO-NOs

28. Find the errors! • Montresser chained Fortianato to a wall then built a brick wall around him, and right before he sealed the wall he put the torch in the last brick hole so that the fire eats all of the oxygen and he suffocates. • Montresser (sp)chained (vt)Fortianato (sp) to a wall thenbuilt (vt) a brick wall around him, and right before he sealed (vt) the wall,he (who?)put (vt) the torch in the last brick hole so that the fire eats all of the oxygen and he (who?) suffocates.