PY212 Electricity and Magnetism

1. PY212Electricity and Magnetism I. Electrostatics

2. I-1 Electric Charge • Why Electrostatics? • Demonstration of Electrostatic Effects. • The Electric Charge and its Properties. • The Coulomb’s Law. • Some Applications of the C. L. • Electric Field and Electric Intensity

3. I-2 Gauss’ Law • The Electric Flux. • The Gauss’ Law. • The Charge Density. • Use the G. L. to calculate the field of a • A Point Charge • An Infinite Uniformly Charged Wire • An Infinite Uniformly Charged Plane • Two Infinite Charged Planes

4. I-3 Electric Potential • Conservative Fields. • The Existence of the Electric Potential. • Work done on Charge in Electrostatic Field. • Relations of the Potential and Intensity.

5. I-4 Electric Fields • Relation of the Potential and Intensity • The Gradient • Electric Field Lines and Equipotential Surfaces. • Motion of Charged Particles in Electrostatic Fields.

6. I-5 Special Electrostatic Fields • Electric Charge and Field in Conductors. • The Field of the Electric Dipole. • Behavior of E. D. in External Electric Field. • Examples of Some Important Fields.

7. I-6 Capacitance and Capacitors • An Example of Storing a Charge. • Capacity x Voltage = Charge. • Various Types of Capacitors. • Capacitors in Series. • Capacitors in Parallel.

8. I-7 Electric Energy Storage and Dielectrics • Electric Energy Storage. • Inserting a Conductor into a Capacitor. • Inserting a Dielectric into a Capacitor. • Microscopic Description of Dielectrics • Concluding Remarks to Electrostatics.

9. II. Electro-kinetics Stationary Electric Currents

10. II–1 Ohm’s Law • Charges Move - Electric Currents • Power Sources • The Ohm’s Law • Resistance and Resistors • Transfer of Charge, Energy and Power

11. II–2 Microscopic View of Electric Currents • The Resistivity and Conductivity. • Conductors, Semiconductors and Insulators. • The Speed of Moving Charges. • The Ohm’s Law in Differential Form. • The Classical Theory of Conductivity. • The Temperature Dependence of Resistivity

12. II–3 DC Circuits I • Resistors in Series and Parallel. • Resistor Networks. • General Topology of Circuits. • Kirchhoff’s Laws – Physical Meaning. • The Use of the Kirchhoff’s Laws. • The superposition principle. • The Use of the Loop Currents Method.

13. II–4 DC Circuits II • Real Power Sources. • Building DC Voltmeters and Ammeters. • Using DC Voltmeters and Ammeters. • Wheatstone Bridge. • Charging Accumulators. • The Thermocouple.

14. III. Magnetism Fields produced mostly by moving charges acting on moving charges.

15. III–1 Magnetic Fields • Introduction into Magnetism. • Permanent Magnets and Magnetic Fields. • Magnetic Induction. • Electric Currents Produce Magnetic Fields. • Forces on Electric Currents.

16. III–2 Magnetic Fields Due to Currents • Forces on Moving Electric Charges • Biot-Savart Law • Ampere’s Law. • Calculation of Some Magnetic Fields.

17. III–3 Magnetic Dipoles • Magnetic Dipoles • The Fields they Produce • Their Behavior in External Magnetic Fields • Calculation of Some Magnetic Fields • Solenoid • Toroid • Thick Wire with Current

18. III–4 Application of Magnetic Fields • Applications of Lorentz Force • Currents are Moving Charges • Moving Charges in El. & Mag. • Specific charge Measurements • The Story of the Electron. • The Mass Spectroscopy. • The Hall Effect. • Accelerators

19. III–5 Magnetic Properties of Materials • Introduction to Magnetic Properties • Magnetism on the Microscopic Scale. • Diamagnetism. • Paramagnetism. • Ferromagnetism.

20. IV. Electromagnetic Induction Further relations between electric and magnetic fields

21. IV–1 Faraday’s Law • Introduction into Electro-magnetism. • Faraday’s Experiment. • Moving Conductive Rod. • Faraday’s Law. • Lenz’s Law. • Examples

22. IV–2 Inductance • Transporting Energy. • Counter Torque, EMF and Eddy Currents. • Self Inductance • Mutual Inductance

23. IV–3 Energy of Magnetic Field • Transformers • Energy of Magnetic Field • Energy Density of Magnetic Field • An RC Circuit • An RL Circuit • An RLC Circuit - Oscilations

24. V. Alternating Currents Voltages and currents may vary in time.

25. V–1 Alternating Voltages and Currents • Introduction into Alternating Currents. • Mean Values • Harmonic Currents. • Phase Shift

26. V–2 AC Circuits • Power in AC Circuits. • R, L and C in AC Circuits. Impedance. • Description using Phasors. • Generalized Ohm’s Law. • Serial RC, RL and RLC AC Circuits. • Parallel RC, RL and RLC AC Circuits. • The Concept of the Resonance.

27. VI. Electromagnetic Waves All the important physics in electromagnetism can be expressed in Maxwell’s Equations with interesting consequences.

28. VI–1 Maxwell’s Equations • Generalized Ampères Law. • Maxwell’s Equations. • Production of Electromagnetic Waves. • Electromagnetic Waves Qualitatively.

29. VI–2 Electromagnetic Waves • Properties of Electromagnetic Waves: • Relations of E and B. • The speed of Light c. • Energy Transport S. • Radiation Pressure P.

30. VII. Optics Originally: Properties and Use of Light. Now: Much More General.

31. VII–1 Introduction into Geometrical Optics • Introduction into Optics. • Margins of Geometrical Optics. • Fundamentals of Geometrical Optics. • Ideal Optical System. • Fermat’s Principle. • Reflection and Reflection Optics.

32. VII–2 Basic Optical Elements and Instruments • Refraction, Dispersion and Refraction Optics. • Thin Lenses. Types and Properties. • Combination of Lenses. • Basic Optical Instruments • Human Eye • Magnifying Glass • Telescope • Microscope

33. VII–3 Introduction into Wave Optics • Huygens’ Principle and Coherence. • Interference • Double Slit • Thin Film • Diffraction • Single Slit • Gratings • X-Rays, Bragg Equation. • Wave Limits of Geometrical Optics.

34. Maxwell’s Equations I • . ^