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The Canadian Shield

The Canadian Shield . By Samson, Zach, and Jeremy . Where is the Canadian Shield?. Geography. - Makes up nearly half of Canada’s land surface Stretches from Arctic Islands in the North to the Canadian-USA Border Covers parts of Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and North West Territories

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The Canadian Shield

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  1. The Canadian Shield By Samson, Zach, and Jeremy

  2. Where is the Canadian Shield?

  3. Geography - Makes up nearly half of Canada’s land surface • Stretches from Arctic Islands in the North to the Canadian-USA Border • Covers parts of Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec and North West Territories - Cities include Sudbury, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec, Iqaluit, Thunder Bay, Winnipeg.

  4. Geology • Is one of the oldest landforms in the world • Over Millions of years, weathering and erosion, especially from Glaciers, wore the land down to flat bare rock, lakes and wetlands • Thin Soil makes area unsuitable for farming • Once a volcanic mountain region • Most of the rocks in the area have been changed into metamorphic rocks by heat and pressure • Created many Valuable minerals such as Copper, Gold, Lead, Diamonds, Platinum and Nickel

  5. Economic Region • Canadian Shield

  6. Economic Development • 1. Aboriginal people such as the Cree hunted, gathered and fished (traditional economy) • 2. Europeans came to Canada and started the Fur Trade, which became dominant • 3. Forestry and pulp & paper industry became important

  7. Economic Development (Cont.) • Mines and smelters - important sine early 20th century • Sault Ste. Marie - Algoma Steel has dominated local economy since 1901

  8. Current Economy • Relies heavily on natural resources • Very sensitive to international prices - commodities produced fluctuate in price due to global supply-and-demand • Resources eventually run out and mines shut down • Communities around mines struggle to survive once they mines close up • i.e. Schefferville, Quebec, 1981 - Iron Ore Company of Canada closed because the prices for iron were too low to make a profit • 4000 people left Schefferville after this happened

  9. Current Economy (Cont.) • Solution to the aftermath of shut down mines - nearby communities don't rely on mines • Mining companies fly in employees and equipment from other areas • Workers stay for 2-3 weeks in temporary camps • When the mine shuts down, the mine is removed

  10. Challenges • Mines have produced dangerous stockpiles of mineral waste, known as tailings • Refining operations have produced high levels of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, leading to acid rain • Water systems, plants and wildlife are all affected by acid rain

  11. Population Growth • Many larger mining cities, such as Sudbury, have developed tourism, recreation, and retirement facilities

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