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GIGARTINA ALVEATA FROM NEW ZEALAND:

GIGARTINA ALVEATA FROM NEW ZEALAND: AMONG THE OLDEST AND NEWEST MARINE RED ALGAE IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE Max H. Hommersand & Geoffery L. Leister Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA & Wendy A. Nelson

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GIGARTINA ALVEATA FROM NEW ZEALAND:

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  1. GIGARTINA ALVEATA FROM NEW ZEALAND: AMONG THE OLDEST AND NEWEST MARINE RED ALGAE IN THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE Max H. Hommersand & Geoffery L. Leister Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC, USA & Wendy A. Nelson National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand

  2. Habitat of Gigartina alveata, rocky outcroppings on sandy beaches, North Island, New Zealand

  3. Gigartina alveata, with up to 12 dichotomies, withstands desiccation well

  4. Gigartina alveata: concavo-convex shape of the thallus showing the canaliculae and curved tips

  5. Fucus alveatus Turner 1819, pl. 239a (1/2 size) Coast of New Zealand Joseph Banks, 1774 Fucus alveatus Turn. Lectotype: BM, Ex. Herb. Banks Gigartina alveata (Turn.) J. Ag. Herb. Agardh (LD 23721) (Sent by Harvey from TCD) Sir Joseph Banks (Barron)

  6. Captain Cook Mercury Bay Bay of Islands Mercury Bay North New Zealand Motuarohia Island (‘Motuaro’)

  7. Phylogeny of the Gigartinaceae rbcL tree subgenus Chondracanthus D.W. Freshwater (In: Hommersand et al. 1994, 1999) subgenus Eogigartina Mastocarpus stellatus Phyllophora crispa

  8. Gigartina alveata - cystocarpic View from concave side (cystocarps along margin and on convex side)

  9. Tetrasporangial sori (arrows) (Lindauer 1949) Gigartina alveata (tetrasporangia) Tetrasporangia in series derived from primary cortical filaments

  10. Gigartina alveata Tip of a male plant Cross section showing spermatangial clusters (arrows)

  11. (= Aux cell?) Carpogonial branch before Carpogonial branch after fertilization presumed fertilization

  12. Gigartinaceae Cystocarps showing types of internal pericarps Green = secondary filaments

  13. Auxiliary cell Cystocarp envelope (arrows) forming from cortical filaments around the functional auxiliary cell

  14. cortex medulla Auxiliary cell Cortical cells form rosettes of short-celled filaments Medullary cells (arrowheads) undergo intercalary cell divisions

  15. developing envelope cortex medulla gonimoblasts The auxiliary cell has produced gonimoblasts The modified medullary cells have formed rosettes

  16. g Gonimoblast filaments (g) elongate and ramify through the medulla Older stage with a mixture of gonimoblast filaments, medullary cells and carpo- sporangia Carposporangia appear to arise from medullary cells

  17. ostiole gonimoblasts Young gonimoblasts surrounded by developing envelope with ostiole

  18. ostiole ac Mature cystocarp with an auxiliary cell (ac), gonimoblast filaments, medullary cells, carposporangia and a spinose envelope with an ostiole

  19. CONCLUSION 1. Our observations call for establishment of a new genus and combination: Psilophycus alveatus (Turner) W.A. Nelson, Leister & Hommersand. WHAT ELSE WOULD BE IMPORTANT TO KNOW? 2. The behavior of the nuclei in the development of the gonimoblast filaments and the possible role of the modified medullary cells in the formation of the carposporangia should be investigated. 3. The life history needs to be studied: To what extent is the life cycle sexual, apomictic or clonal by vegetative propagation? 4. Etc., etc.

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