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OCEN 201 Introduction to Ocean Coastal Engineering

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OCEN 201 Introduction to Ocean Coastal Engineering

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    1. OCEN 201 Introduction to Ocean & Coastal Engineering Instruments & Measurements Jun Zhang Jun-zhang@tamu.edu

    14. Description

    15. Overview AUV / UUV Self-regulated buoyancy Propelled by battery power Propelled by ocean’s thermal energy New technology!

    16. History Preliminary designs (1986) Test runs: Florida, New York (1991) Result: the “Slocum” glider Scripps / Woods Hole: “Spray” APL-UW: “Seaglider” Slocum “Thermal Glider” (2005)

    17. Vehicle Control Driving force: lift provided by wings Pitch/roll: internal weight shift Onboard computers Surface GPS fixes Pressure sensors Tilt sensors Magnetic compasses

    18. Slocum, Spray, and Seaglider

    19. Webb Research “Slocum” Weight: 52 kg Diameter: 21.3 cm Length: 1.5 m Speed: 40 cm/s Depth: 4 – 200 m Endurance: 30 days Range: 1500 km Alkaline batteries

    20. Webb Research “Slocum”

    21. Webb’s “Thermal Glider” Weight: 60 kg Diameter: 21.3 cm Length: 1.5 m Speed: 40 cm/s Depth: 4 – 2000 m Endurance: 5 years! Range: 40000 km Environmental power

    22. Webb’s “Thermal Glider”

    23. Scripps/Woods Hole “Spray” Weight: 52 kg Diameter: 20 cm Length: 2 m Speed: 25 cm/s Depth: 1500 m Endurance: 815 cycles Range: 4700 km Lithium cells

    24. Scripps/Woods Hole “Spray”

    25. APL-UW “Seaglider” Weight: 52 kg Diameter: 30 cm Length: 1.8 m Speed: 25 cm/s Depth: 1000 m Endurance: 650 cycles Range: 4600 km Lithium cells

    26. APL-UW “Seaglider”

    27. Design

    28. Early Field Trials Wakulla Springs, Florida Straight flight, dives, turns Navigation and data relays Telemetry recorded Maneuvering parameters Instabilities found

    29. Test Dive Profile

    30. Design Solutions Increase glide speed Decrease pitch/heading oscillations Increase stall resistance Revise autopilot algorithms Swept wings Antenna moved to nose

    31. Test Results, Conclusions Glide slope ratio similar to Space Shuttle Energy expended at bottom of dive cycle Decrease dive cycles = less energy How do we decrease cycles? *Lower glide speeds* Longer endurance Greater range

    32. Applications

    33. Current Uses Slocum: shallow water, short range Spray/Seaglider: deeper, longer dives Take measurements -temperature -conductivity (salinity) -currents -chlorophyll fluorescence -optical backscatter

    34. Current Uses Seaglider: -physical, chemical oceanography -tactical oceanography -underwater Reconnaissance -communications gateway -navigation aid

    35. Dive Profile

    36. Dive Profile

    37. Spray: La Jolla 2001 Underwater canyon, 3 km width 11 day mission Maintained synthetic mooring Plotted wave, current propagation

    38. Monterey 2003 10 Slocums and 5 Sprays Sample 100 square-km area Use networking to forecast conditions Example of large-scale team usage

    39. Monterey 2003

    40. Spray: Gulf Stream 2004 New England to Bermuda First crossing of the Gulf Stream

    41. Seaglider: TASWEX-04 Navy ASW exercise, East China Sea Battlespace assessment Tactical remote sensing Mission successful

    42. Future Uses ONR: Liberdade XRay USN “PLUSNet” program Largest glider Hydrodynamic efficiency Acoustics, electric field sensors 1-3 kt cruise, 1200-1500 km range

    43. Liberdade XRay

    44. Economics

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