1 / 23

Physiology, Health & Exercise

Learn about osteoporosis, a condition where bones become porous and brittle, leading to fractures and long-term consequences. Discover the effects of exercise on bone density, prevention strategies, and the importance of calcium intake. Find out who is at risk, the role of hormones, and the impact of exercise on bone health.

rexd
Download Presentation

Physiology, Health & Exercise

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Physiology, Health & Exercise Lesson 17 Osteoporosis- cause & effects Prevention & role of exercise

  2. Osteoporosis Includes: • Osteoporosis & bone growth • Effects of exercise on bone density

  3. What is osteoporosis? • Long term condition. • Bones become progressively more porous & brittle • Literally means “porous bones” • Increased risk of fractures • Sometimes called the “silent thief”

  4. What is osteoporosis? • Even minor falls e.g. stepping off a kerb, can cause fractures • Most common sites of fractures: • Wrist • Spine • Hip • Bones tend to break into fragments (rather than a clean break) • Impossible to reassemble, so can require surgical treatment

  5. What is osteoporosis? Other effects • Loss of height • Curvature of the spine • Chronic back pain

  6. Bone density • Bones is living • Constantly renewed throughout life • Bones grow in size during adolescence & childhood • Can completely renew skeleton in 2 years at this stage (takes 7-10 years for adults) • From late adolescence bones stop growing in length & instead become stronger- more dense

  7. Bone density • if adequate calcium intake in diet & are physically active then: • Peak bone density- in late 20s to early 30s • At age 35 balance between bone breakdown & new formation  stable bone density • After 35 bone loss increases part of natural aging process • Rate of approx 1% per year for females • After menopause rate loss 2-3% a year

  8. Who gets osteoporosis? • Men • Women • Children • Most common in menopausal women • 20-50% of women over 50 are affected • 75% of women over 90 are affected • 1 in 12 men in UK affected • Men at lower risk because tend to have larger and stronger bones

  9. Risk factors for osteoporosis Women • Lack of oestrogen caused by • Early menopause (before age of 45) • Missing periods for > 6 months (excluding pregnancy) as a result of over exercising or over-dieting

  10. Risk factors for osteoporosis Men • Low levels of testosterone

  11. Risk factors for osteoporosis Both men & women • Diet lacking calcium & Vitamin D • Vitamin D required for absorption of calcium by digestive system • Family history • Smoking & excessive alcohol consumption- both increase rate of bone loss • Low body weight • Long term immobility • Getting old!

  12. What causes osteoporosis? • 99% of body’s calcium is found in skeleton • When diet low in calcium, body draws on reserves in bones to make up deficit • So advantage to “bank” more calcium in bones before reach peak bone density- in late 20s to early 30s

  13. What causes osteoporosis? • Oestrogen maintains bone tissue by stimulating the formation of new bone • Oestrogen • enhances intestinal calcium absorption • Limits calcium withdrawal from bone • Low oestrogen levels • Reduce the activity of bone cells • Increase risk of calcium loss from bones

  14. Exercise those bones! • Bones require regular weight-bearing exercise • E.g. walking, dancing, jogging, tennis • Why not swimming or cycling? • Exercise: • Puts force through the bone to stimulate growth • Strengthens bones • Strengthens tendons, ligaments & point of attachment at joints

  15. Exercise those bones! • Resistance exercise also strengthens bones • E.g. weight training • Bed-ridden individuals have increased bone loss as do astronauts in zero gravity

  16. Treatment of osteoporosis • No cure! • Can halt or reverse progress of disease with: • Exercise • Oestrogen in form of HRT (hormone replacement therapy) or calcium supplements • Caution choose exercise carefully if have osteoporosis – need moderate intensity- why?

  17. Treatment of osteoporosis • Prevention is better than cure: • Regular weight bearing exercise • Adequate dietary calcium & vitamin D • Both before late 20s

  18. Female athletes & osteoporosis • Extreme levels of exercise by young athletes can cause osteoporosis Reason • Very intensive training • Restricted diet • Combined reduce body fat • Can cause periods to stop & drop in oestrogen levels

  19. Female athletes & osteoporosis • Worrying as at a time of max potential bone growth • Some young athletes have bone density of women in their 70s • These bone losses are irreversible • Female athlete’s triad • Intensive training & • Restricted diet & • Low body fat

More Related