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Japan’s Pacific Campaign

Japan’s Pacific Campaign. Japan’s Empire. Expansion began in 1931 Attack on Manchuria 1937 – Invade China Expected quick victory Resistance caused war to drag on Look toward rich European colonies of SE Asia . American Response. Oct 1940 – Americans crack Japanese code

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Japan’s Pacific Campaign

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  1. Japan’s Pacific Campaign

  2. Japan’s Empire • Expansion began in 1931 • Attack on Manchuria • 1937 – Invade China • Expected quick victory • Resistance caused war to drag on • Look toward rich European colonies of SE Asia

  3. American Response • Oct 1940 – Americans crack Japanese code • Aware of plans for SE Asia • Japan could threaten US colonies • Americans send aid to China • July 1941 • FDR cuts oil shipments to Japan • Japanese continue conquests

  4. Day of Infamy • Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto • Called for attack on US in Hawaii • Dec. 7, 1941 – Japanese Attack Pearl Harbor • 19 ships sunk or damaged • 2300 Americans killed • 1100 wounded

  5. The Phillippines • January 1942 • Japanese take Bataan Peninsula in April • Defended by Americans and Filipino forces • Japanese spread control to British colonies • Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore • Dutch East Indies

  6. “East Asia for Asiatics” • Anticolonialist idea used to win support • After victory, Japanese clearly were conquerors • Treated people with extreme cruelty

  7. Bataan Death March • 70,000 Allied POWS • 54,000 survive march • 50 mile march up Bataan Peninsula

  8. Allies Strike Back • Doolittle Raids • April 1942 – 16 B-25 bombers attack Tokyo • Did little physical damage • Psychological damage • Japan was vulnerable

  9. Battle of Coral Sea • May 1942 • Australian and US navies • New type of warfare • Ships didn’t fire a shot • Totally fought by planes • Allies lose more ships and planes • Victory because it stopped Japanese movement south

  10. Battle of Midway • Admiral Nimitz had intercepted Japanese orders • Knew they were approaching • Hid and waited for attack • US victory • Turning point in the war in the Pacific • Crippled Japanese fleet

  11. Jump Around, Jump Around • Japan controlled hundreds of islands • Too many to take one by one • General Douglas MacArthur develops island hopping • Seize islands that weren’t well defended but were closer to Japan • Avoided strongholds

  12. Battle of Guadalcanal • Japanese airbase in the Solomon islands • August 7, 1942 • US Marines land on Guadalcanal • Battle lasts 6 months • 24,000 of 36,000 Japanese die • “the Island of Death”

  13. Battle of Leyte Gulf • Japanese hope to destroy US Pacific Fleet • Lose in 4 days • Eliminates use as fighting force • Japanese begin to rely on kamikazes • Suicide pilots

  14. Iwo Jima • March 1945 • 36 days • 6300 deaths • pillboxes • Flag raising • American victory

  15. Okinawa • April 1 – June 21 1945 • One of the wars bloodiest battles • Japanese lost 100,000 troops • Americans lose 12,000

  16. Manhattan Project • Top-secret US program • Developed Atomic Bomb • Headed by J. Robert Oppenheimer • First exploded July 16, 1945 • Truman warned Japanese the US had the bomb

  17. Hiroshima • Paul Tibbets - pilot • Enola Gay - plane • Aug 6, 1945 • 70,000 - 80,000 die immediately

  18. Nagasaki • Aug 9, 1945 • 70,000 killed instantly • MANY more of the years from radiation poisoning

  19. Japanese Surrender • September 2, 1945 • General MacArthur accepts surrender on USS Missouri in Tokyo Harbor

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