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Ifgi Spring School. ENVIRONMENT/HABITAT / BIOME _______________________________. BY: LENA WICKENKAMP DIVYA RAJESWARI SWAMINATHAN MUSSIE G. TEWOLDE CHIMA OGBONNAYA NKWOR. CONTENTS _______________________________. INTRODUCTION 1. AMBIGUITIES & MODES OF CLASSIFICATION
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Ifgi Spring School ENVIRONMENT/HABITAT / BIOME_______________________________ BY: LENA WICKENKAMP DIVYA RAJESWARI SWAMINATHAN MUSSIE G. TEWOLDE CHIMA OGBONNAYA NKWOR
CONTENTS_______________________________ • INTRODUCTION 1. AMBIGUITIES & MODES OF CLASSIFICATION 2. RELEVANT OBJECTIVE PRIMITIVES 3. PREDICATION CRITERIA 4. PARAMETERS OF VARIABILITY 5. AXIOMS EXPRESSING RELATIONS TO OTHER GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS • CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION______________________________________ The presence of vagueness and ambiguity in natural language concepts present an enormous challenge to computational representation and geographic information. However, in the contemporary studies on applications of formal theories of semantic and ontology minimize these vagueness and ambiguity. Environment/Habitat/Biome are words which are more ambiguous in the normal language concepts.
AMBIGUOUS DEFINITION__________________________________________ • Environment: • the totality of surrounding conditions. • is our surrounding. • range of conditions where an organism thrives. • Habitat: • area where a plant or animal naturally live or makes a living. • type of environment in which an organism or group normally lives or occurs. • is the place where a population lives. • Biome: • are the major regional groupings of plants and animals discernible at a global scale. • is a group of ecosystems that have similar climates and communities. Source: Wikipedia
AMBIGUITIES IN MODES OF CLASSIFICATION _________________________________________________________ Environment /Habitat/Biome • Immediate Env’t – how the env’t (water, rock, forest…) impact on a particular animal. To what degree is immediate the env’t to impact ... • Affective Env’t – what impacts on the animal (temp, sunlight, soil, air, water, atmosphere). A lot of factors are affective, what exactly … • Local Environment – all surrounding factor both those affecting the organism or not. If the proximity/closeness of the locality is open then it is vague. • Global Environment – the ambiguity here is: where exactly the zone is? polar, equatorial, temperate? Or in deserts, TRF …
Cotd … AMBIGUITIES IN MODES OF CLASSIFICATION _ Environmentt/Habitat/Biome: • Global Environment: • (where in the globe? ) • Affective Environment: a potential habitat w where an organism can survive • . Water, forest, soil…? • Local Environment: Proximity threshold? • Immediate Env’t - (water, rock, forest…) impact o on a particular animal.
RELEVANT OBJECTIVE PRIMITIVES Environment/Habitat/Biome Physical measurements What should be the temperature, precipitation, vegetation type of an environment to be defined as Desert, Tropical, Temperate/moderate at a global and local levels. Super valuation semantics, the real world is so complex to define with definite primitives, like how big, wet, deep, tall etc. Formal theories, logical concepts, threshold or standpoints.
Cotd … RELEVANT OBJECTIVE PRIMITIVE Super valuation semantics, the real world is so complex to define with definite primitives, like how big, wet, deep, tall etc. Hence, we need application of Semantic Ontology (formal theories, logical concepts, threshold or standpoints)
Env’t/Habitat/Biome When and where do we say an area is … spatial and temporal variations…vagueness and ambiguity in mode of classification.
PREDICATION CRITERIA____________________________________ • Physical extent (size) of environment/habitat/Biome change though in space. • How large is a certain env’t … standpoint? Horizontal extent. Vertical altitude, • How to demarcate or explain the borders • Temporal Variability in the Env’t/Habitat/Biome • Dynamism: Forest fire, urbanization, natural disaster …causes change. • Temporal changes: instance the Env’t changes through time
PARAMETERS OF VARIABILITY__________________________________________ Variability in terms of climatic conditions of the environment: • Camels can live in a hot environment - up to 400 C. • Camels can endure long periods without drinking - up to 17 days • Rainforests are forests characterized by high rainfall, with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm
AXIOMS EXPRESSING RELATIONS TO OTHER GEOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS ___________________________________________ Each landform is part of an environment, either tangential or non-tangential. Each lake is part of an environment, either tangential or non-tangential. Each forest is part of an environment, either tangential or non-tangential. Each desert is part of an environment, either tangential or non-tangential.
CONCLUSION__________________________________________ • There’s no threshold for the spatial extend of environment/habitat/biome in terms of square meters • Parameters of variability depend on particular type of environment/habitat/biome, e.g. the camels’ habitat has a high temperature, the polar bears’ habitat has a low temperature • impossible to make general statements about “habitats” • Environments/ habitats/ biomes contain other geographic features described by other concepts
REFERENCES_____________________________________ • crpit.com/confpapers/CRPITV63Kemp.pdf • www.meteck.org/files/WSPI06_EcoNiche.pdf • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biome • http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B7CRV-4SV6PHT-1&_user=2160112&_coverDate=09%2F30%2F2008&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1263264653&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000056461&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2160112&md5=97ecc7e5863009ff194471dbe19bac04
