Table of Contents

1. Table of Contents • What Is Energy? • Forms of Energy • Energy Transformations and Conservation • Energy and Fossil Fuels

2. An exponent tells how many times a number is used as a factor. For example, 3 X 3 can be written as 32. You read this number as “three squared.” An exponent of 2 indicates that the number 3 is used as a factor two times. To find the value of a squared number, multiply the number by itself. 32 = 3 X 3 = 9 Practice Problem What is the value of the number 82? 64 - What Is Energy? Exponents

3. - What Is Energy? Kinetic Energy • Kinetic energy increases as mass and velocity increases.

4. - What Is Energy? Potential Energy • Gravitational potential energy increases as weight and height increase.

5. - What Is Energy? Using Prior Knowledge • Before you read, look at the section headings and visuals to see what this section is about. Then write what you know about energy in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, write what you learn. What You Know The joule is the unit of work. Energy has different forms. What You Learned The two basic kinds of energy are potential energy and kinetic energy.

6. - What Is Energy? Links on Energy • Click the SciLinks button for links on energy.

7. End of Section:What Is Energy?

8. - Forms of Energy Calculating Mechanical Energy • The kinetic energy of a 500-N diver during a dive from a 10-m platform was measured. These data are shown in the graph.

9. About 1000 J Reading Graphs: According to the graph, how much kinetic energy does the diver have at 8 m? - Forms of Energy Calculating Mechanical Energy

10. Kinetic energy = about 2000 J; potential energy = about 3000 J Calculating: Using the graph, find the kinetic energy of the diver at 6 m. Then calculate the diver’s potential energy at that point. - Forms of Energy Calculating Mechanical Energy

11. About 5000 J Inferring: The mechanical energy of the diver is the same at every height. What is the mechanical energy of the diver? - Forms of Energy Calculating Mechanical Energy

12. Key Terms: Examples: nuclear energy electromagnetic energy - Forms of Energy Building Vocabulary • After you read the section, reread the paragraphs that contain definitions of Key Terms. Use the information you have learned to write a definition of each Key Term in your own words. Key Terms: Examples: mechanical energy The form of energy associated with the position and motion of an object is called mechanical energy. A type of potential energy called nuclear energy is stored in the nucleus of an atom. The sunlight that you see each day is a form of electromagnetic energy. thermal energy The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object is called thermal energy. electrical energy The energy of electric charges is electrical energy. chemical energy Chemical energy is potential energy stored in the chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together.

13. - Forms of Energy Links on Forms of Energy • Click the SciLinks button for links on forms of energy.

14. End of Section:Forms of Energy

15. - Energy Transformations and Conservation Energy Transformations • Most forms of energy can be transformed into other forms.

16. - Energy Transformations and Conservation Transformations BetweenPotential and Kinetic Energy • A pendulum continuously transforms energy from kinetic to potential energy and back.

17. - Energy Transformations and Conservation Energy Transformations Activity • Click the Active Art button to open a browser window and access Active Art about energy transformations.

18. Question Answer - Energy Transformations and Conservation Asking Questions • Before you read, preview the red headings. In a graphic organizer like the one below, ask a question for each heading. As you read, write answers to your questions. What is an energy transformation? An energy transformation is a change from one form of energy to another. What are some examples of transformations between potential and kinetic energy? Juggling and pendulums show transformations between potential and kinetic energy. What is conservation of energy? The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

19. End of Section:Energy Transformations and Conservation

20. - Energy and Fossil Fuels Use of Fossil Fuels • Fossil fuels can be burned to release the chemical energy stored millions of years ago.

21. - Energy and Fossil Fuels Previewing Visuals • When you preview, you look ahead at the material to be read. Preview Figure 18. Then write two questions that you have about the diagram in a graphic organizer like the one below. As you read, answer your questions. Using Fossil Fuel Energy Q. What energy transformation occurs in the sun? A. Nuclear energy to thermal energy and electromagnetic energy Q. What energy transformation takes place when coal is burned? A. Chemical energy to thermal energy

22. - Energy and Fossil Fuels Links on Energy Transformations • Click the SciLinks button for links on energy transformations.

23. - Energy and Fossil Fuels Use of Fossil Fuels • Click the Video button to watch a movie aboutthe use of fossil fuels.

24. End of Section:Energy and Fossil Fuels

25. Graphic Organizer Energy is the ability to do measured in exists as Potential energy Kinetic energy Joules Work which at a given rate is can be Gravitational Power Elastic

26. End of Section:Graphic Organizer