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Lecture 3

Times They Are A Changing. Lecture 3. Standard 11.10.4. Examine the role of Civil Rights advocates and the significance of Martin Luther King’s “Letters from Birmingham Jail” and “I Have A Dream” Speech. Essential Question :

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Lecture 3

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  1. Times They Are A Changing... Lecture 3

  2. Standard 11.10.4 • Examine the role of Civil Rights advocates and the significance of Martin Luther King’s “Letters from Birmingham Jail” and “I Have A Dream” Speech. Essential Question: What successes and challenges faced the Civil Rights Movement after 1964?

  3. Freedom Summer, 1964 • SNCC sent thousands of volunteers into Mississippi to register black voters • three workers disappeared • murdered • Michael Schwerner, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman • Mississippi Burning

  4. Voting Rights Act, 1965 • banned literacy tests • sent federal registrars to South • federal oversight meant to make registration more fair

  5. 24th Amendment • banned poll taxes • used to keep blacks and poor whites from voting

  6. Watts Riot, 1965 • Violence erupted in LA, Detroit, and New Jersey • the Kerner Commission concluded that extreme poverty was the cause • recommended federal money develop cities to relieve poverty

  7. Malcolm X • Malcolm Little joined the Nation of Islam • dropped his “slave name” • advocated black separatism and militism • became more peaceful after a trip to Mecca • killed in NYC by members of the Nation of Islam in 1965

  8. “We declare our right on this earth...to be a human being, to be respected as a human being, to be given the rights of a human being in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence by any means necessary.” -Malcolm X

  9. Black Power • Stokely Carmichael said African Americans should form their own organizations • Rejected “mainstream” American society • Rejected by both the NAACP and the SCLC as racist

  10. Black Panthers, 1966 • a more militant version of black power emerged in Oakland • est. by Bobby Seales, Huey Newton • supported black separatism and went armed to protect blacks from police brutality • ran medical clinics • provided free food to school children

  11. "If I win, I am American, not a black American. But if I did something bad, then they would say I am a Negro. We are black and we are proud of being black. Black America will understand what we did tonight." • Tommie Smith, 1968

  12. MLK and Memphis, 1968 • increasingly critical of black power and separatism • crusaded for the poor • went to Memphis to support sanitation workers • killed by James Earl Ray

  13. Robert Kennedy, 1968 • RFK was the frontrunner for the democratic nomination • Killed in LA by a Palestinian • Sirhan Sirhan • Nixon became president and the civil rights movement stalled

  14. Affirmative Action • Colleges and businesses tried to increase minority representation in their ranks • Income gap still persists today

  15. HW Questions Part 3: Chp. 14, Sec 3 - p. 488 1) What impact did the protests in Selma, Alabama have on the nation? 2) What law caused the sharp rise in African American voter registration in the 1960s? 3) Which amendment to the US Constitution bans the use of a poll tax? 4) What happened in Watts and Detroit shortly after the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965? 5) What group was Malcolm X a part of? 6) What impact did Malcolm X have on the Civil Rights Movement? 7) What non-violent ways did the Black Panthers promote “black power”? 8) What arguments did people use to prevent affirmative action?

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