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The Federal Court System

Dive into the workings of the U.S. federal court system, from District Courts to Appeals and the Supreme Court. Learn about their roles, powers, structures, and important functions in upholding justice.

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The Federal Court System

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  1. The Federal Court System

  2. District Courts • The federal courts where trials are held and lawsuits are begun. • Original Jurisdiction: hear cases for the first time • Responsibilities: • Determining the facts of the case • Hold trials for civil and criminal federal cases • Decide guilt or innocence • Only courts where witnesses testify, juries hear cases, reach verdicts

  3. District Courts • Number: • Each state has at least one. (Some have more.) • Total # of US District Courts = 94

  4. District Courts • Hear federal criminal and civil cases. • President appoints. Senate approves • Salary: $162, 100 • Length of term: LIFE • Only level that has trials

  5. District Courts • Marshal: • Makes arrest • Collects fines • Takes convicted people to prison • Protects jurors • Keeps order • Serves legal papers • Magistrate: • Issues court orders • Hears preliminary evidence • Decides bail • Hears minor cases • US Attorney: • Gov’t lawyers • Others: • Clerks, secretaries, court reporters, probation officers

  6. Appeals Courts • Review decisions made in lower district courts • Appellate jurisdiction: • Authority to hear a case appealed from a lower court

  7. Appeals Courts • Number: 12 • Types of cases heard: • Cases where an appeal was made from a decision in a district court • Judges: 6 -27 in each appeals court • Salary: $171,800

  8. Appeals Court • Appeals courts do not hold trials. • Possible rulings: • Uphold the original decision • Reverse/overturn • Remand the case to the lower court

  9. Supreme Court • Decide whether laws are constitutional • JUDICIAL REVIEW • Highest court in the land • Jurisdiction: Original and Appellate

  10. Supreme Court • Cases heard: • Cases that come through appeal • Cases that deal with the Constitution • 9 Justices • 1 Chief Justice, 8 Associate Justices • Salary: AS - $199,200 , CJ - $208, 100

  11. Supreme Court • POWERS: • Judicial Review • Interpret meaning of laws

  12. Supreme Court • Checks on power: • Change law to fit the Constitution • Change the Constitution to fit the law • President appoints judges, Senate approves • Congress can impeach and remove judges from office • Can only rule in cases that come to it

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