Rise of Realpolitik: The Crimea Conflict and German Unification

1. Realpolitik strategy #2: Fight a lot of wars to increase Nationalism and gain more power than other countries Label a piece of binder paper: Assignment #2: Realpolitiks and War Essential Question: How does the Crimean War signify the end of the COV and the rise of the Realpolitiks?

2. Crimea: Senseless conflict, large death toll…and can we blame it for lung cancer too? Crimean War signifies the end of the “Concert of Europe” and the monarchs club It illustrates the growth of Nationalism It shows the power of industrial technology in war

3. How did Crimea start? (Think political Mean Girls) Big picture: The End of the Congress of Vienna as “earthquake proofing strategy” Balance of power! Countries want more power! Some countries backstab other countries to win power for themselves! The major European powers attack Russia because Russia is attacking the Ottoman Empire.

4. Little picture: on my website – the details are less important than this shows how and why wars are fought in the age of Realpolitiks • In line with the newly popular nationalist ideas - France wants to break free from the containment of the Congress of Vienna • Russia wants territory in Ottoman Empire (sick man of Europe) • Napoleon encourages Tsar Nicholas to be more aggressive (thought it would be good for France if others were embroiled in a war) – so Russia attacks ports in the Ottoman Empire • France convinces Austria to be neutral and disrupts Austria/Russia alliance. Austria doesn’t want Russia to expand into the Balkans – THEIR territory • Britain doesn’t want their naval routes to East Asia disrupted and supports the Ottomans. • France and Britain band together to attack Russia

5. Impacts • Nationalistic propaganda rallies the British behind the cause. • Fighting in the Crimea is devastating. More than a million die of disease and starvation. 9. War only ends when a devastated Russia vies for peace. 10. War shows Russia needs to be modernized. 11. War shows Nationalism is a more powerful tool for conservatives than the Congress of Vienna “monarchs club”

6. Use the cartoons to better understand how countries used war to promote Nationalism (in this case England) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JB0lZZWArYc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vuhec_llrGw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=43PpM6hTbG0

7. TAKE NOTES ON LECTURE SKELETON – ASSIGNMENT #3 Through “Iron and Blood”: Otto Von Bismarck and the Unification of Germany OR “How Realpolitiki-ness, Nationalism and pointless wars finally unified Germany.”

8. “Leather, salmon, eels and matches, Cows and madder, paper, shears, Ham and cheese and boots and vetches, Wool and soap and yarns and beers; Gingerbread and rags and fennels, Nuts, tobacco, glasses, flax, Leather, salt, lard, dolls and funnels, Radish, rape, rep, whiskey, wax; Articles of home consumption, All our thanks are due to you! You have wrought without presumption What no intellect could do; You have made the German Nation Stand united, hand in hand, More than the Confederation Ever did for Fatherland.” --Hoffman von Fallersleben, The Zollverein, 1840 The Zollverein – blueprint for a unified Germany Becomes a vehicle for Germany Nationalism (there is even a poem about this economic union)

9. Otto Von Bismarck emerges as powerful Realpolitik • Reformed military as result of Crimean War • Used “Iron and Blood” as a means to unify Germany and increase German power in Europe • Responsible for unifying the nation state of Germany and ruling as a Realpolitik

10. The Danish War – the process begins

11. The Austrian War – competition for German dominance Austria has been in slow decline Prussia is now #1 of all German States

12. The Franco Prussian War Ça Est Terrible! Bismarck engineers a war with France to scare the Southern German states into needing a “powerful friend” and unifiying Results: German Empire French humiliation and desire for revenge Das istFantastisch!