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 What have you all done for US?

The Enlightenment and it’s influence on the American Revolution and the formation of the US Government.  What have you all done for US?. Enlightenment. Aka: Age of Reason Intellectual movement that led to reform in the 1700s Period of questioning & use of reason. 2 Views on Governing.

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 What have you all done for US?

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  1. The Enlightenment and it’s influence on the American Revolution and the formation of the US Government  What have you all done for US?

  2. Enlightenment • Aka: Age of Reason • Intellectual movement that led to reform in the 1700s • Period of questioning & use of reason

  3. 2 Views on Governing

  4. Philosophes • Thinkers who applied reason to life & science • 5 core concepts… • Reason • Nature • Happiness • Progress • Liberty

  5. 5 Concepts of Philosophes • Reason • Truth through reason & logic • Nature • What was natural was also good & reasonable • Happiness • Should be happy on earth • Progress • Society & humans could improve • Liberty • Wanted liberties/rights • (example: Glorious Revolution & Bill of Rights)

  6. Who? John Locke How does he influence US? Major work where his ideas are found:  Two Treatises of Government

  7. Who? Montesquieu How does he influence US? Major work where his ideas are found:  Spirit of the Laws

  8. Who? CesareBonesanaBeccaria How does he influence US? Major work where his ideas are found:  On Crimes and Punishments

  9. Who? Thomas Hobbes How does he influence US? “If men were angels, no government would be necessary” -James Madison Major work where his ideas are found:  Leviathan

  10. Who? Voltaire How does he influence US? “I disagree with every word you say, but will defend to the death your right to say it.” Major work where his ideas are found:  Candide

  11. Who? Jean Jacques Rousseau How does he influence US? Major work where his ideas are found:  The Social Contract

  12. Who? Mary Wollstonecraft How does she influence US? Major work where his ideas are found:  A Vindication of the Rights of Women

  13. Major Ideas of the Enlightenment (see p.198)

  14. Women & the Enlightenment • While philosophes were open to new ideas, they tended to have a traditional view towards women • Women were taught to be good wives & mothers • *Women helped spread the Enlightenment through salons

  15. Legacy of the Enlightenment • Challenged old theories of divine rights, union between church & state & unequal social classes • Major 3 ideas/impact • Belief in progress • Secular/ non-religious • Importance of the individual • Their ability to problem solve • To use REASON!

  16. The Enlightenment Leads to an Era of Revolutions  The American Revolution

  17. Revolution • What is a revolution? • A sudden & complete change • An overthrow & thorough replacement of an established government • Why do they occur? • People are frustrated • Lack of government concern • Several other reasons…

  18. Ideological Causes – American Revolution • Enlightenment • Questioned government control • Influential philosophes • Glorious Revolution • Government responsible to people • Controlled by constitution

  19. Ideology cont… • Independent-thinking • Divided by an ocean from Britain • Lived in colonies 150 years • Salutary Neglect • No taxation without representation • French & Indian War (1754) • Between Britain & France • Colonial unity • Experience fighting • No rewards  Proclamation of 1763 • Can’t move west of Appalachian Mts.

  20. Economic Causes • Navigation Act 1651 • Colonists could only sell products to Britain • French & Indian War Debt • Stamp Act • Repressive tax • Required government stamp on all documents

  21. Economy cont.. • Tea Tax 1773 • Colonial tea businesses lose money • Boston Tea Party • Dump shiploads of tea into harbor

  22. Tensions Rise • First Continental Congress • Representatives from 13 colonies meet in 1774 • Send complaints to King George III • Second Continental Congress • No response from King George

  23. Revolution Begins • 1st shots fired at Lexington & Concord • Becomes a global war involving France, Spain & the Dutch

  24. Key Events • Declaration of Independence • Written by Thomas Jefferson • Inspired by John Locke • General George Washington • Brilliant strategist • *Goal = Make the war as expensive as possible • Victory at Yorktown, Virginia

  25. Why did America win? • American Advantages • Home terrain • Fighting for a cause • Strong military leadership • French support!!! • Overcame weaknesses including • Small, untrained military • Shortage of resources • Weak central government

  26. Articles of Confederation  1781 *1st governing document of U.S. Weaknesses No power to tax No power to raise an army No court system No executive figure Constitution  1791 Written by James Madison “Father of the Constitution” Montesquieu, Locke, Rousseau’s ideas used Checks & balances 3 branches Government by consent of the PEOPLE!  “We the people…” Bill of Rights! Governing Documents

  27. How was this a global war? • British overextended • Worried about unrest in Ireland & food riots in London • International allies • France, Spain & Netherlands gave financial & military support • Results • French debt; Dutch navy destroyed; British look for other colonies; Disputes w/ Spain over Florida

  28. Now what??? • Shot heard ‘round the world. • Revolutions in over countries will arise based on the same principles as ours

  29. Democracy is an idea you can’t keep down! From America to France to Haiti to Ecuador to Brazil to Chile to Mexico to Venezuela to Peru to Argentina The shot heard ‘round the world bring about a triangle of democratic revolutions

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