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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

Learn how cells obtain energy from glucose through aerobic cellular respiration. The process involves breaking down glucose with oxygen, producing ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. Dive into the stages like Glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle.

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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  1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION Harvesting Energy from Glucose

  2. What is Aerobic Cellular Respiration?? • This is the process our cells go through to obtain energy from our primary source, glucose • Glucose is broken down with the help of oxygen and ultimately produces water, carbon dioxide and energy in the form of ATP and heat C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy • Occurs in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion

  3. The Mitochondrion

  4. Overview ofCellularRespiration Stage 1: Glycolysis • 10 step process occurring in the cytoplasm Stage 2: Pyruvate Oxidation • 1 step process occurring in the matrix Stage 3: Krebs Cycle • 8 step cyclical process occurring in the matrix Stage 4: ETC and Chemiosmosis • A multi-step process occurring in the inner membrane Good people keep eating cake

  5. Energy Products and Carriers Energy Storage: ATP: Adenosine triphosphate ADP + P + Energy  ATP Energy Carriers: NADH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+ + H+ + 2e  NADH FADH2: Flavin adenine dinucleotide FAD + 2H+ + 2e  FADH2

  6. Where it Happens

  7. The Role of ATP • According to the first law of thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another or from one object to another • The goal of cellular respiration, is to capture as much of the available free energy as possible from the breakdown of glucose, and trap it in the form of ATP • The stored energy in ATP can then be used to power reactions in the body, when it is dephosphorylated

  8. ATP Production Substrate – Level Phosphorylation: • ATP is made when an enzyme adds a free phosphate group to ADP Oxidative Phosphorylation: • When ATP is made using a proton gradient that has been generated through redox reactions

  9. Stage 1: Glycolysis • Glucose is broken down in the cytoplasm to produce two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules (anaerobic process) • It occurs in ten steps, each one catalyzed by a specific enzyme

  10. The Details • 2 ATP are required to kick start the process • Fructose diphosphate seperates into 2 molecules  2 paths • 2 NADH molecules are made • 4 ATP are made in later stages (2 ATP NET) NOTE: PGAL = phosphoglyceraldehyde (Glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate)

  11. References • Nelson 12 Biology textbook (pages 94 – 100) • http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/ecb/ATP_ADP.html • www.unitedstreaming.com

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